International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM)
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Exploring the Role of Deans in Promoting Faculty Development and Research in HEIs in Bukidnon
This study critically examines the pivotal role of deans in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in shaping the intellectual landscape and societal future, focusing on Bukidnon, Philippines, amidst significant transformation and expansion in higher education. Emphasizing the multifaceted responsibilities of deans, the research explores their leadership styles, policies, and strategies for promoting faculty development and research, addressing the unique challenges and opportunities in Bukidnon's educational landscape. As Bukidnon experiences growth in HEIs, deans emerge as central figures fostering a culture of learning, research, and community engagement beyond the classroom, contributing to academic excellence, innovation, and regional socio-economic development. Faculty development and research are integral aspects, viewed as crucial for institutional growth and societal progress. The research, guided by specific questions, delves into key responsibilities, challenges, strategies, and institutional factors influencing deans' efforts. A qualitative approach gathers insights from deans, faculty, and administrative staff in Valencia City, employing thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. Ethical considerations, such as informed consent and confidentiality, are rigorously observed throughout. Findings reveal deans' diverse roles as academic visionaries, catalysts for interdisciplinary collaboration, mentors, resource allocators, and contributors to research-focused curriculum development. Challenges faced include resource constraints, institutional bureaucracy, resistance to change, and the delicate balance between administrative tasks and academic leadership. Strategies to overcome these challenges involve mentorship programs, targeted funding, research center establishment, and technology integration. Institutional factors emerge as critical, encompassing supportive governance structures, financial stability, transparent policies, academic freedom, effective communication, cultural support for research, collaborative decision-making, investment in research infrastructure, and recognition systems. This study contributes valuable insights for academic administrators and policymakers, shedding light on effective practices and areas for improvement in promoting faculty development and research. The findings extend beyond Bukidnon, potentially impacting similar institutions in the Philippines and globally, offering a foundation for enhancing educational practices and pursuing academic excellence on a broader scale.
Role of Deans, Faculty Development, Research Development
Copyright (c) 2025 Merlinda B. Buno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigating the Impact of E-Procurement on Sustainability through Digitalization Technologies of Blockchain and Robotics Process Automation: An Applied Study on the Oil and Gas Industry in the Egyptian Context
Abstract Aim: E-procurement describes the automation and simplification of procurement procedures, such as ordering, payment, and purchase, through the use of digital platforms and technology. With this technology, businesses can efficiently track orders, manage suppliers, and maintain expenditures under control. E-procurement in the oil and gas industry contributes to cost savings and improved adherence to safety and environmental regulations by lowering procurement cycle times, improving supplier selection, increasing transparency, and lowering the risks connected with manual procurement methods. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between e-procurement and sustainability, particularly focusing on the mediating role of digitalization technologies in Egypt's oil and gas sector. Methodology: The study adopted a deductive quantitative approach, focusing on employees within the oil and gas sector. Primary data were collected via a questionnaire, where respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement with various statements using a Likert scale. Result: The study found that the relationship between e-procurement and digitalization technologies was partially supported. In addition, the relationship between digitalization technologies and sustainability was partially supported. Also, the relationship between e-procurement and sustainability is partially supported. The findings revealed that there was a mediation role of digitalization technologies between e-procurement and sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Mohamed Sabry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Policy Analysis of Inclusive Leadership and LGBTQ+ Teacher Inclusion in the Philippine Context
Gender equality and inclusive leadership are core priorities of global education framework. This paper examines GAD-related policies issued by the Philippine Department of Education (DepEd) to evaluate how these policies institutionalize gender equality and inclusive leadership, including LGBTQ+ teacher inclusion. The study utilized qualitative document analysis guided by Gender Mainstreaming Theory, Inclusive Leadership Theory, and Queer Theory to examine major DepEd Orders, Regional Memoranda, and Division Memoranda issued from 2013 to 2024. The results show that while DepEd has very strong gender-equality mandates, policy implementation is impeded by four major gaps, namely: (1) unclear and unenforceable leadership accountability structures; (2) weak results-based monitoring and evaluation mechanisms; (3) limited representation of marginalized groups in GAD structures; and (4) insufficient capacity-building and sustainability systems. These limitations resulted in inconsistent and personality-based implementation, compliance-based reporting, and insufficient protection of LGBTQ+ teachers. The research suggests reinforcing structures of leadership accountability, institutionalizing outcome-based monitoring systems, and institutionalizing continuous, participatory, and inclusive capacity-building programs. The research seeks to contribute to a stronger understanding of how gender-equality policies can be improved to promote inclusive leadership in accordance with SDGs 4, 5, and 10.
Gender equality; Inclusive Leadership; Policy analysis; LGBTQ+ teachers
Copyright (c) 2025 Mark Jason Dungog, Joel T. Aclao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Credit Growth and Investment Strength Could Potentially Put Pressure on Inflation in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review
This study aims to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to analyze and synthesize findings from existing literature on the potential for inflationary pressure in Indonesia stemming from credit growth and investment strength. This study evaluated 10 articles published in reputable journals indexed by Sinta and Scopus between 2012 and 2025. The SLR was conducted by identifying, selecting, and evaluating relevant studies published in the last five years. The synthesis results show that there is a consensus among researchers regarding the positive relationship between this aggregate growth and inflation risk, especially if it is dominated by consumer credit and investment in the non-tradable sector. The policy implications underscore the need for monetary and macroprudential policy coordination to manage liquidity and credit risk without hampering productive investment, which is vital for long-term economic growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Roni Wiranata, M.Pd, Prof. Dr. Waspodo Tjipto Subroto, M.Pd, Dr. Norida Canda Sakti, M.Si https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Esophageal Atresia Repair in a Premature Infant Complicated By Anastomotic Leak and Stricture: A Case Report
Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare congenital malformation commonly associated with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Surgical repair in premature infants remains challenging due to fragile tissues and high postoperative complication risks, as highlighted in recent analyses (1, 2). We report the case of a premature female infant born at 34 weeks’ gestation weighing 1.8 kg, diagnosed with Gross type III EA. Primary end-to-end esophagoesophageal anastomosis with distal TEF ligation was performed under moderate tension. On postoperative day 7, an anastomotic leak occurred, which closed spontaneously by day 17. At one month, an anastomotic stricture developed and was successfully treated with five sessions of endoscopic balloon dilatation. The infant showed favorable growth, with a weight of 6.3 kg at six months, full oral feeding, and a normal barium swallow without residual stenosis. This case highlights the feasibility of conservative management for postoperative complications following EA repair, even in premature infants. Early recognition and endoscopic follow-up are essential to ensure optimal healing and long-term functional outcomes (3, 4, 5).
Esophageal atresia; Tracheoesophageal fistula; Premature infant; Anastomotic leak; Esophageal stricture; Endoscopic dilatation
Copyright (c) 2025 Karima Lalaoui, Mohamed Djelad, Assia Haif, Boubaker Bendecheche https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Professionalization engineering as a lever for improving the pedagogical supervision of primary school teachers in the Moungali 2 district of Brazzaville
In a Congolese educational context marked by pedagogical supervision practices that are still largely prescriptive, this study explores the contribution of professionalization engineering to improving the skills of primary school teachers. It is based on an experiment conducted in the Moungali 2 district, notably in the SOPROGI A and B and Moukondo A and B schools in Brazzaville. The research compares two groups of teachers, one trained in this engineering, the other not, on their ability to adapt their practices, overcome field constraints and promote transferable learning. The results show that trained teachers develop more contextualized, reflective and effective practices, both for their professional development and for student performance. The study concludes that professionalization engineering is a strategic lever for rethinking pedagogical supervision with a view to the sustainable professionalization of educational players.
Professionalization engineering; pedagogical supervision; primary education; Republic of Congo, Moungali 2 district in Brazzaville
Copyright (c) 2025 MOUSSAVOU Guy Joseph, DZOMA Hygien https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Needs Analysis and Design of an Accurate Computerized Accounting Education and Training Program for Vocational High School Teachers: A Systematic Literature Review
This study addresses the competency gap by aiming to (1) conduct a rigorous competency gap analysis (needs analysis) of SMK AKL teachers against the requirements of the Indonesian National Work Competency Standard (SKKNI) for Junior Accounting Technicians, specifically Unit M.692000.023.02; and (2) design a robust and effective Accurate Computerized Accounting Education and Training (Diklat) program model utilizing the systematic Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) instructional design framework. The theoretical foundation for the needs analysis and literature review is built upon a systematic review methodology strictly following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, ensuring methodological transparency and rigor. Findings from the review and analysis phase confirm an acute gap, revealing that many vocational teachers lack competence in modern software features (such as Fixed Assets and SmartLink) and struggle with the pedagogical integration of these technologies, often requiring substantial further training beyond initial sessions. The resulting proposed program design is a comprehensive, 90-hour modular, competency-based curriculum. This curriculum focuses on mastery of Accurate Online's core and advanced features—including Fixed Assets, Inventory, and SmartLink Tax/e-Banking functionalities—and is explicitly aligned with industry certification schemes (CAP/CADE) to provide professional validation for the teachers. The application of the ADDIE model ensures the program’s validity and practical effectiveness, serving as a critical intervention to bridge the persistent skills mismatch between SMK graduates and the evolving demands of the industrial workforce, thereby enhancing the professional and pedagogical competence of TVET teachers.
TVET Teacher Training, Computerized Accounting, Needs Analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Awalian Oktaferdiana, Basyirun, Ade Novi Nurul Ihsani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Regulatory and Ethical Governance Framework for Implementing Artificial Intelligence in External Auditing: A Systematic Literature Review
This research aims to identify regulatory and ethical challenges in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to external audit practices, as well as to develop a governance framework that ensures transparency, accountability, and algorithmic fairness. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA 2020 model, this study examined 21 Scopus indexed scientific articles for the period 2020–2025 that were relevant to the issues of regulation, governance, and AI auditing policies. The selection process involves identifying, screening, assessing the eligibility, and inclusion of articles that fit the thematic criteria. Data analysis was carried out through thematic synthesis to group the findings into four main themes: (1) regulatory and ethical challenges, (2) gaps in international audit standards, (3) regulatory governance mechanisms, and (4) trustworthy and explainable AI policy drafts. The results show that although AI improves audit efficiency, there is no legal and professional framework capable of regulating the complexity of algorithmic decisions. In addition, auditors still face moral dilemmas and the risk of algorithmic bias due to delays in updating global audit standards. The study concludes that AI-assisted audit governance should be integrative, balancing technological efficiency and ethical responsibility through a co-auditing model that combines human oversight and algorithmic system transparency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fony Abdullah, Herwin Mopangga, Silveny Ismail, Yasir M. Pidu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Holistic Education and the Transformation of Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren) in ASEAN: An Educational Psychology Perspective
This systematic literature review (SLR) examines how Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in ASEAN have undergone transformative change towards a holistic educational model that integrates cognitive, affective, and spiritual domains within the framework of educational psychology. Drawing on PRISMA 2020 protocols, this study analyses articles published between 2018 and 2025 from Scopus and regional databases focusing on holistic Islamic education, character development, and psychological well-being of students in pesantren contexts across Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, and Singapore. Findings reveal three interrelated themes: (1) the integration of spiritual and psychological dimensions in pedagogy; (2) institutional transformation toward inclusive curricula that embrace science and modern skills; and (3) the psychological impact of value-based learning on students’ character, emotional resilience, and academic achievement. The review highlights that pesantren education across ASEAN embodies the principles of holistic education through its balance of religious values and psychological growth. The paper argues that educational psychology provides a conceptual lens to understand how spiritual intelligence, motivation, and social connectedness drive students’ self-actualisation within Islamic education. Recommendations are offered for future research and policy to enhance holistic learning frameworks in Islamic educational institutions throughout Southeast Asia.
Holistic education; Islamic boarding schools; pesantren; educational psychology; ASEAN; transformative learning
Copyright (c) 2025 Abd. Madjid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Urban Squatter Communities and Their Livelihood Challenges: An Analytical Perspective
Introduction: Urban squatter settlements represent a growing socio-economic challenge in Nepal. Squatters, often residing on government land without legal ownership, rely on diverse survival strategies to sustain their livelihoods. Aadarshanagar, located in Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City, is one such informal settlement where residents face multiple vulnerabilities. Understanding their livelihood conditions and challenges is crucial for designing effective interventions. Objectives: The study was guided by the following objectives: To assess the socio-economic conditions of squatters in Aadarshanagar. To examine the role of local organizations in improving their livelihoods. To identify the major factors contributing to livelihood vulnerabilities. Methodology: A descriptive research design was adopted, using both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, field observations, focus group discussions, and field notes. Simple random sampling was employed to ensure representative selection of respondents. Secondary data were drawn from relevant reports, publications, and institutional documents. Analysis: The analysis indicates that squatters in Aadarshanagar live under difficult conditions but exhibit a relatively moderate socio-economic status compared to typical squatter settlements. This improvement is attributed largely to the assistance provided by local organizations. Despite this, their livelihood security remains precarious, mainly due to political instability and frequent exposure to natural hazards, which stand as the major factors of vulnerability. Conclusion: The study concludes that sustainable improvement in squatter livelihoods requires political stability and the establishment of effective, squatters-oriented organizations. Institutional support and policy interventions are critical to strengthening their resilience and ensuring long-term well-being. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and development practitioners to enhance living conditions and promote sustainable livelihood strategies in Nepal’s rapidly urbanizing context.
Urban Squatters, Livelihood Challenge, Socio-economic Status, Vulnerability and Resilience
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Chiranjivi Devkota, Balawant Kurmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organizational Commitment as a Reinforcing Factor in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership, Workload, and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance
Effective management of human resources is closely tied to the quality of performance evaluation systems, which serve as the foundation for strategic decision-making in public institutions. Employee performance is shaped by multiple organizational dynamics, including a leader's capacity to apply transformational leadership practices, the volume and intensity of work responsibilities, shared norms and values embedded in the work environment, and the degree of employee commitment toward the organization. This research seeks to assess the influence of transformational leadership, workload, and organizational culture on employee performance, and to determine whether organizational commitment strengthens these relationships. A quantitative approach was employed by distributing an online Likert-scale questionnaire via Google Forms to 108 contract employees at the General Bureau of the East Java Provincial Secretariat. Data analysis was conducted using PLS-SEM, covering construct validity and reliability testing, evaluation of R-square and F-square coefficients, and examination of direct and moderating effects. The findings indicate that transformational leadership and a supportive organizational culture enhance employee performance, whereas excessive workload negatively impacts performance outcomes. Moreover, organizational commitment was found to reinforce the effect of all three variables on performance. Overall, the results highlight the importance of fostering commitment through inspirational leadership, supportive organizational values, and balanced task allocation to promote sustainable improvements in employee performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Royan Jaluseta Anugrah, Yuniningsih, Hesty Prima Rini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Compliance Audit of Guaranteed Minimum Service Fees and Financial Reporting Transparency of Commercial Banks in Cameroon
Despite the enactment of the Banking Commission for Central Africa's regulation No.R-2016/01, of April 4, 2016, and its reinforcement through regulations No. 01/20/CEMAC/UMAC/COBAC and Regulation No. R-2020/04 of October 8, 2020, transparency in banking service charges remains a persistent challenge in Cameroon's commercial banking industry. Many bank staff and customers lack knowledge of which services are guaranteed free and which attract fees, leading to frequent misclassification of charges, weakened financial reporting and damaged public trust. This study empirically examined the inter-connection between intensity of compliance audit of guarantee minimum banking services (GBMS) as stipulated by COBAC regulation, and financial reporting transparency of Commercial banks in Cameroon. using a quantitative ex-post facto research design, panel data from ten purposively selected commercial banks between 2015 and 2024 were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square regression model. Empirical results indicate that robust compliance audit of GMBS proxied by salary domiciliation charges (B= 0.42, p< 0.001), monthly account statement charges (B=0.31, P<0.005), cheque payment and internal transfer charges (B=0.18, p<0.012), significantly enhance financial reporting transparency, the intensification of compliance audit through detailed, reasonable, descent and transparent reporting in salary domiciliation, monthly account statement, cheque payment and internal transfer charges amongst others, narrows the knowledge gap, mount pressure on regulators, instruments of corporate governance and helps banks apply regulations more effectively and report accurately. The model explains 78% of the variation in financial reporting transparency, with no signs of multicollinearity (VIF <5), or autocorrelation (Durbin Watson =1.94). These findings grounded in financial intermediation and stakeholder theories, highlight the urgent need for better governance through robust compliance audit and clearer regulatory understanding. To build client trust and improve accountability, the study recommends strengthening staff training on COBAC provision for bank personnel, stricter COBAC oversight, improved audit systems, and mandatory itemized service charge disclosures and enhances consumer knowledge. Without these reforms, misclassification and confusion around banking fees will continue to undermine transparency and confidence in Cameroon financial institutions. The study offers critical insights for policymakers, professional accountants, and financial institutions seeking to reinforce governance, enforce service classification standards, and restore public confidence in the Cameroon banking industry.
Compliance Audit, Guaranteed Minimum Banking Services, Financial Reporting Transparency
Copyright (c) 2025 Ndipeta Takobesong EgbeAya Lot, Visemih William Mufee, Valentine Ojong Oben, Agbor Louis Tabot Ntong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hydrological Data Integration for Environmental Risk Assessment
This study presents a systematic literature review aimed at integrating hydrological data into environmental risk assessment. The literature sources were obtained from Scopus, DOAJ, and Google Scholar, focusing on publications from the last 10 years. The discussed literature emphasizes the crucial role of hydrological data integration in enhancing the accuracy and quality of environmental risk assessments. The study details various proposed approaches, including a risk-based eco-hydrological approach, spatial geo-statistical techniques, the development of the meta-scientific-modeling (MSM) framework, automated assessment of local sensor networks, and the creation of web-based software platforms. The research findings illustrate the active efforts of researchers to find more effective and comprehensive ways of utilizing hydrological data in environmental risk evaluation. Each proposed approach has its strengths and limitations, with specific considerations related to data complexity, computational requirements, and analytical skills. In addition to highlighting the necessity of coordinated and integrated techniques to enhance future risk assessments, this study lays the groundwork for a thorough knowledge of the function that hydrological data integration plays in the context of environmental risk assessment.
Hydrological Data; Environmental Risk Assessment; Data Integration
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurhayati, Mursal Ghazali, Syaharuddin, Ratri Retno Utami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Productivity Improvement Strategy in Oil Seal Manufacturing Using Lean and Cost Time Profile Approach
This study aims to improve the productivity of the oil seal manufacturing process at PT XYZ by applying Lean Manufacturing principles through the integrated use of Value Stream Mapping (VSM), line balancing, and the Cost Time Profile (CTP) method. Initial observations showed that the production line experienced significant non-value-added (NVA) activities, particularly waiting time between curing, post-cure, and trimming processes, which resulted in long lead times and high work-in-process (WIP) accumulation. The current state VSM identified curing as the major bottleneck across multiple product families. Improvement strategies were implemented by reducing curing time, adjusting lot size, eliminating deflashing through sensor replacement in trimming machines, reorganizing work sequences, and redistributing operator workloads. The application of line balancing allowed operators to handle multiple machines simultaneously, reducing idle time and improving flow efficiency. As a result, several product families experienced substantial reductions in total lead time, with decreases ranging from 60% to 70%, and increases in value-added ratio. The productivity index also improved, with total output rising from 3,782,400 pcs to 3,808,380 pcs per month, while manpower was reduced from 116 to 100 operators without additional overtime. Analysis using the Cost Time Profile further demonstrated a 3–11% reduction in cumulative cost added per piece. Overall, the integrated Lean Manufacturing and CTP approach successfully enhanced efficiency, reduced waste, lowered production cost, and improved productivity performance in a sustainable manner.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aang Gumelar Hardo, Imam Djati Widodo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Factors Influencing Economic Growth of South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the factors that influence economic growth in South Sulawesi Province. Economic growth is one of the main indicators of successful regional development, which is influenced by various macroeconomic factors. The independent variables used in this study include investment, labor, government spending, inter-regional exports, and inequality, while the dependent variable is economic growth measured based on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant prices. The data used is secondary data obtained from publications by the South Sulawesi Provincial Statistics Agency (BPS) from 1997 to 2024. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression to determine the effect of each variable on economic growth. The results show that investment, labor absorption, and inter-regional exports have a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while government spending has a positive but insignificant effect. This indicates that increasing investment, labor absorption, and exports play an important role in driving economic growth in South Sulawesi Province. Meanwhile, inequality has a negative and significant effect on economic growth. Therefore, equitable development is an important aspect to support inclusive economic growth in South Sulawesi Province. This study is expected to contribute to the formulation of regional economic policies oriented towards sustainable development in South Sulawesi Province.
Investment, Labor, Government spending, Exports, Inequality
Copyright (c) 2025 Akhmad, Zainal Abidin, Manda H.M, Amir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correlation between Hemoglobin Level and Physical Fitness in Adolescent Women
Introduction Physical fitness plays an important role in a person's life in carrying out daily activities and is assessed by VO2 max. Anemia interferes with the delivery of oxygen to tissues and causes a reduction in VO2 max. This study aims to analyze the relationship between hemoglobin levels and physical fitness in adolescent girls. Methods This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 102 young women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited as subjects in this study. Physical fitness was assessed using the Multistage Fitness Test, and hemoglobin levels were measured using the Point of Care Testing method. Data analysis was carried out using the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of p<0.05. Results The average value of hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls is 12.97 g/dL, which is considered normal. The average physical fitness based on VO2 max prediction is 24.65 ml/kg/minute, which is included in the very poor category. The Spearman test results showed that there was a significant correlation between hemoglobin levels and physical fitness (p=0.001). Conclusion. There is a significant correlation between hemoglobin levels and physical fitness in adolescent girls as assessed based on VO2 max predictions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ni Made Dewantari, G.A. Dewi Kusumayanti, Hertog Nursanyoto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning for Resource-Optimal LLM Serving in SaaS Clouds
Large Language Models (LLMs) have been the cornerstone for current Software as a Service (SaaS) solutions. These LLMs have made intelligent automation and analytics possible. But their current computation or inference cost is high. As a result, cloud service companies face challenges with respect to cloud scalability. Adaptive Precision Scaling (APS) is the strategy of adapting computational precision during execution. This paper describes the newly proposed architecture of Adaptive Precision Scaling (APS) in the context of Software as a Service (SaaS) and proposes a taxonomy of precision scaling to have a clearer understanding of precision adaptivity.
Large Language Models, SaaS, Adaptive Precision, Energy Efficiency, Coherence, Factuality, Model Serving.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vasanthi Jangala Naga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ethical and Bias-Aware Data Science: Quantifying and Mitigating Algorithmic Inequality
The increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in decision-making systems has raised critical concerns about fairness, transparency, and social equity. While these technologies promise efficiency and objectivity, evidence shows that they often reproduce structural inequalities embedded within historical datasets. This research examines the foundations of ethical and bias-aware data science with the aim of quantifying and mitigating algorithmic inequality—the unequal outcomes generated by automated models. Drawing upon twenty influential studies in the field, the paper develops an integrated analytical framework combining theoretical, computational, and ethical perspectives. Using benchmark datasets such as COMPAS (criminal justice), UCI Adult (income classification), and MIMIC-III (healthcare outcomes), the study applies three principal fairness metrics: Statistical Parity, Equal Opportunity, and Predictive Equality. Bias mitigation strategies are analyzed across pre-processing, in-processing, and post-processing stages. Results indicate that in-processing techniques achieve the highest fairness improvements (ΔFair ≈ 0.22) but with a moderate accuracy trade-off (ΔAcc ≈ 0.05), whereas pre- and post-processing approaches provide balanced yet less substantial gains. Complementary frameworks such as Model Cards and Datasheets for Datasets further enhance algorithmic transparency and accountability. Case studies from facial recognition, healthcare, and judicial systems illustrate the real-world impacts of algorithmic bias and demonstrate the need for continuous ethical auditing. The paper concludes that sustainable fairness in data science demands multidimensional interventions—integrating quantitative fairness metrics, transparent documentation, and participatory governance. Such alignment of computational precision and ethical oversight ensures that data-driven systems promote equity rather than reinforce inequality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tosin Clement, Hakeem Onayemi, Muslihat Adejoke Gaffari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Automation to Cognition: Thematic Development of AI-Assisted English Pedagogy, 2019–2025
In recent years, artificial intelligence has moved from the margins of education to its very core, profoundly reshaping how English is taught and learned. This study offers a descriptive bibliometric overview of research on AI-assisted English language teaching (AI-ELT) based solely on data retrieved from the Scopus database between 2019 and 2025. Rather than relying on external analytic software, the analysis was conducted directly through Scopus’s built-in tools to ensure transparency and reproducibility. The findings reveal an exceptional surge in academic productivity, especially after 2022, when generative models such as ChatGPT began influencing classroom practice and teacher research alike. Most publications are concentrated in the fields of social sciences and education, followed by computer science and the humanities, confirming the hybrid nature of AI-ELT as both a pedagogical and technological domain. The most active contributors and institutions are clustered in East Asia particularly in Hong Kong, mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore reflecting the region’s growing leadership in educational AI. Overall, the results indicate a paradigmatic shift from automation toward cognition and reflection in English pedagogy. AI is increasingly viewed not merely as a tool for efficiency but as a partner in meaning-making, creativity, and learner autonomy. The study concludes that future research should deepen empirical validation, explore teacher AI collaboration, and strengthen ethical frameworks that support human-centered innovation in language education.
Artificial intelligence (AI); English language teaching (ELT); AI-assisted pedagogy; ChatGPT and generative AI; Bibliometric overview; Scopus database analysis
Copyright (c) 2025 Thanh Thuy Tong, Pham Thi Ngoc Thi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring Student and Teacher Experiences in the ‘Fun Science Tasks at Home’ eTwinning Project
The Covid-19 pandemic has made the use of digital tools mandatory by rapidly shifting the education system to remote learning environments. eTwinning projects conducted online have provided valuable learning experiences for both teachers and students. Considering its role in international cooperation and the development of digital competence, eTwinning projects stand out as critical tools that promote innovation in education during the remote learning period. This study aims to introduce the 'Fun Science Tasks at Home' eTwinning project, which includes education and digital games, and to examine the project's contribution to students' interest in science lessons and the digital skills of both students and teachers. A total of 10 science teachers from different provinces of Turkey and 49 middle school students in grades 7 and 8 participated in the study. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews, observations, and a teacher and students self-assessment forms used as data collection tools. The findings indicate that the project increased students' interest, motivation, and participation in science classes, strengthened cooperation among students, and positively supported the digital skills of both students and teachers. Additionally, the project contributed to students reinforcing scientific concepts in collaboration with their families and provided important insights into teacher-student interaction in remote science education.
eTwinning, science education, web 2.0 tools, middle school, Turkey
Copyright (c) 2025 Derya Kaya Usta, Gunay Palic Sadoglu, Elvan Sekban Bilgin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Quantifying Synergistic Effects of Mulch and Drip Irrigation on Water Use Efficiency, Soil Temperature, and Crop Performance in Desert Cropping Systems: A Meta-Analysis
The combination of mulching and drip irrigation is widely promoted for desert agriculture, but rigorous quantification of synergistic benefits where combined effects exceed the sum of individual interventions remains limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesize evidence from 73 studies (2000-2024) encompassing 287 independent comparisons across arid and semi-arid cropping systems to quantify synergistic effects on water use efficiency (WUE), soil temperature dynamics, and crop productivity. Results demonstrate significant positive synergy: the combined mulch plus drip irrigation system increased WUE by 78.4% compared to conventional irrigation, while drip alone increased WUE by 52.3% and mulch alone by 38.7%, indicating a 21.6% synergistic benefit beyond additive effects (p<0.001). Plastic mulch plus drip systems showed greatest synergy (synergy index: 1.34), followed by organic mulch plus drip (synergy index: 1.18). The combination reduced maximum soil temperature extremes by 6.8°C and increased minimum temperatures by 4.2°C compared to bare soil drip systems, creating more favorable thermal regimes. Shallow-rooted crops (vegetables) exhibited greater synergistic WUE benefits (synergy index: 1.42) than deep-rooted crops (fruit trees; synergy index: 1.15). The mulch-drip combination advanced crop phenology by 5.8 days, extended growing seasons by 12.3 days, and increased yields by 42.7% compared to drip irrigation alone. Economic analysis revealed benefit-cost ratios of 2.8-4.2 for the combined system. Sub-group analyses revealed that synergistic effects were maximized in extremely arid climates (<200 mm rainfall), sandy soils, and with plastic mulch widths of 80-100 cm. These findings provide robust evidence that mulch and drip irrigation exhibit true synergy rather than merely additive effects, with implications for optimizing resource-use efficiency in water-scarce desert agriculture.
Synergistic effects, water use efficiency, drip irrigation, mulching, desert agriculture, soil temperature, arid cropping systems
Copyright (c) 2025 Abd Ur Rafy, Muhammad Toqeer Chand , Sayyida Aiza Bukhari , Diyan Haider https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Climatic Change, the Built Environment, and Urban Resilience: Global Insights and Nigerian Perspectives
Climate change presents an escalating global threat to ecosystems, economies, and human settlements. The built environment encompassing buildings, neighborhoods, and infrastructure both contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and remains among the most vulnerable sectors to climate-related disruptions. In Nigeria, rural areas experience increasing drought, desertification, and food insecurity, while urban centers face challenges such as rising temperatures, water scarcity, flooding, and sea-level rise. This paper adopts a literature-based analytical approach to explore how architecture can serve as a critical tool for climate adaptation and urban resilience. International and local case studies were examined, including Rotterdam’s floating architecture in the Netherlands, which demonstrates how innovative design responds to rising water levels, and the Makoko Floating School in Lagos, which exemplifies community-driven adaptation in a low-resource context. Findings indicate that climate change alters the built environment through intensified heatwaves, flooding, and structural degradation, with unregulated urbanization amplifying exposure. Adaptation strategies such as resilient design, green infrastructure, modular construction, and water-sensitive urban planning are essential to safeguard cities. Complementary mitigation strategies emphasizing low-carbon materials, passive design, and urban vegetation further reduce environmental impact. Both high-technology approaches in developed contexts and low-cost innovations in developing regions provide replicable pathways toward resilience. In conclusion, architecture plays a pivotal role in addressing climate change through sustainable design and planning. While Nigeria’s progress in climate-responsive architecture remains limited by high construction costs and weak regulatory enforcement, these barriers can be overcome by strengthening building codes, investing in resilient infrastructure, promoting sustainable materials, improving climate data collection, and enhancing institutional and community capacity for adaptation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raufu Khairat Adedoyin, Ojuolape Ayonitemi Olawale , Ayejuyo Oreofe Olaotan, Ayoola Razzaq Abayomi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Global Research Trends In Digital Marketing: A Bibliometric Analysis From Scopus (2015–2025)
The rapid diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) has reshaped the foundations of digital marketing, transforming how organizations analyze data, predict consumer behavior, and design customer engagement strategies. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of global research on AI-driven digital marketing by applying bibliometric techniques to publications indexed in the Scopus database between 2018 and 2025. A total of 1,405 documents including 1,307 articles and 98 review papers were retrieved and analyzed directly from the Scopus database to map publication performance, journal productivity, authorship patterns, thematic structures, and geographical distribution. Results indicate a sharp rise in academic attention after 2021, reflecting the growing convergence of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and consumer analytics within marketing research. The United States, India, and China remain the most influential contributors, while emerging economies such as Malaysia and Indonesia have shown increasing scholarly visibility in recent years. Keyword and thematic analyses highlight four major research streams: (i) AI adoption and marketing automation, (ii) consumer behavior and engagement analytics, (iii) data ethics and transparency, and (iv) sustainable and responsible AI marketing. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the field is transitioning from experimental adoption toward a mature, interdisciplinary, and globally distributed research domain. The study offers valuable insights for scholars and practitioners seeking to understand how intelligent technologies are redefining marketing theory and practice in the digital era.
rtificial Intelligence; Digital Marketing; Machine Learning; Consumer Analytics; Bibliometric Analysis; Scopus; Data-Driven Marketing; Thematic Mapping
Copyright (c) 2025 Le Thi Ut https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Building a Culture of Quality Through the Ethos of Service and Justice in Christian Education
The culture of quality in Christian education is not merely related to academic standards and administrative mechanisms of quality assurance, but also to the spiritual values that permeate the entire academic life. This study aims to conceptually examine the role of the ethos of service (diakonia) and the value of justice (dikaiosune) in shaping a culture of quality within Christian educational institutions. The approach employed is a reflective literature study by reviewing twenty primary sources, consisting of theological and educational books, five international journals, and three relevant national journals. The findings indicate that a genuine culture of quality grows from the awareness of faith to serve God and others with excellence, honesty, and responsibility. The value of justice functions as an ethical dimension that ensures quality does not merely benefit certain groups but also provides space for growth for the entire academic community. This study proposes a conceptual model of quality culture grounded in the spirituality of service and justice, which strengthens the integrity, professionalism, and witness of Christian educational institutions amid the challenges of globalized higher education. The novelty of this study lies in developing a model of quality culture that integrates the theology of service with the value of justice.
Quality Culture, Service Ethos and Justice, Christian Education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Afriani Manalu, Hotmaulina Sihotang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring the Interconnected Pathways of Intermittent Fasting, Weight, and Education on Basal Metabolic Index:A Structural Equation Model
This study investigates the correlation between Intermittent Fasting (IF), Weight Efficacy Lifestyle (WEL) scores, and weight, with education considered as a potential mediating variable, and their combined impact on the Basal Metabolic Index (BMI) among Filipinos. Intermittent fasting has gained popularity as a weight management strategy, yet its effects may vary depending on individual factors such as educational attainment, lifestyle, and health awareness. To explore these relationships, data were collected from 200 respondents across Region X, Philippines, utilizing the standardized Weight Efficacy Lifestyle (WEL) Survey Questionnaire. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed to determine the consistency and variability among educational level, BMI, weight, and WEL scores. The findings revealed a notable relationship between educational attainment and adherence to intermittent fasting practices, which in turn influenced BMI outcomes. Higher educational levels were associated with improved self-regulation in dietary habits and a more consistent application of IF protocols, contributing to healthier BMI levels. Conversely, participants with lower educational backgrounds demonstrated greater variability in WEL scores and BMI results, suggesting that educational interventions could enhance the safe and effective practice of IF. These results provide a strong basis for further investigation using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess the mediating role of education more comprehensively. From a public health perspective, this study highlights the importance of integrating nutritional education and behavioral support into fasting programs to promote sustainable and safe weight management among Filipinos, thereby fostering overall metabolic health and well-being.
Intermittent Fasting, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle, Basal Metabolic Index, Education, Weight Management, Structural Equation Modeling
Copyright (c) 2025 Ralph Vendel Musni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Affecting Students' Intention to Use Green Vehicles in Hanoi City: The Role of Regulation from the State's Support Policies
The wave of greening traffic is becoming a new phenomenon, attracting the attention of a large public. Currently, many domestic and foreign researchers have chosen greening traffic or green vehicles as a research topic, many of which have shown factors affecting the intention to use green vehicles. In Vietnam, although there have been research projects related to green vehicles, the amount of research is still limited and does not meet the needs of society. This study was conducted among students in Hanoi city to point out the factors affecting the intention to use green vehicles, thereby evaluating the role of regulation from governments. State books. Research results show that there are 7 factors that affect students' intention to use green vehicles including (Infrastructure, Price, Social Environment, Awareness, Attitude, Knowledge and Finance). individual). The research results are used as a basis to propose solutions to increase students' intention to use green vehicles in Hanoi city.
Green Vehicles, Green Transportation, Policy, State
Copyright (c) 2025 Nguyễn Thị Tuyến https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing Speaking Skills in Arabic Learners: A Proposal for Integration of Product and Process Approaches
Abstract This work identifies the issues that concern Arabic Language learning as a second language in the Maldives educational institutions.it looks at ways of encouraging and motivating Arabic learners and explore issue relating to Arabic speaking skills, course design and materials/task development among others. The paper proposes an integrative approach to Arabic speaking pedagogy. It provides a sample Arabic speaking lesson that is designed to illustrate some of the main points discussed while the practical ways of using the principles in the designing of teaching materials for speaking are presented. A multiple case study mixed methods research a qualitative and quantitative research design was used to achieve the research aim. Qualitative research was found suitable as its allows for examination of opinions, beliefs as and emotions of people in particular setting. Selected populations involves students, lectures, tutors and other stakeholders, data collection instruments were used questionnaire, interviews and procedure for analysis. The work concludes that product and process oriented approaches are complimentary. Suggestions are made on ways in which the teachers can go about the task of helping and supporting the Arabic learners in various educational institutions in the Maldives to develop the speaking skills through the application of a functional- discourse based approach which is an integration of the two approaches.
Arabic, Learning, Speaking, Integrative approach, Functional-discourse, Feedback.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamed Uwais Mohamed Ameen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bibliometric and Network Analysis of Arabic Language Resources and Digital Tools
Purpose of this Study methodology findings Conclusion
Development and Performance Analysis of a Dehulling Machine for Enhanced Efficiency and Quality Processing of Soybean
The study focused on the design and fabrication of a soybean dehulling machine aimed at improving processing efficiency and reducing the labour associated with manual dehulling. The machine was powered by one horsepower (1HP) electric motor operating at a rotational speed of 600 rpm. It was designed to effectively separate the seed coat from the cotyledon while minimizing mechanical damage. The performance evaluation was carried out at three different levels of moisture content 10%, 12%, and 14% to determine the effect of seed moisture on dehulling efficiency and seed breakage. The performance of the machine was affected by the seed moisture level. An optimum performance occurred at 12% moisture content, with a dehulling efficiency of 90.4% and a minimal breakage rate of 0.3%. These findings indicate that moderate moisture enhances the frictional interaction between the seeds and the dehulling surface, leading to efficient shell removal. The developed machine demonstrated a reliable operation, ease of maintenance, and suitability for small and medium scale soybean processors.
Soybean; Dehulling machine; Moisture content; Machine performance; Breakage rate
Copyright (c) 2025 Olajide O. G., Fawohunre A. J. , Fasoyin S. A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Safety Compliance, Safety Training, Safety Competence, and Safety Supervision as Determinants of OHS Performance: The Mediating Role of Motivation in the Oil and Gas Industry
The presence of contractors with a occupational health and safety (OHS) culture differing from the main company at PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional (KPI) Refinery Unit VI Balongan presents challenges to consistently achieving safe work behavior, despite a relatively low occupational accident rate. This strategic national refinery operates under high activity levels and complex risk conditions, making effective occupational health and safety (OHS) management essential for operational continuity and corporate reputation. This study examines the effects of safety compliance, safety training, safety competence, and safety supervision on OHS performance, with employee motivation as a mediating factor. A quantitative survey was conducted among 150 contractor employees, and data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings reveal that safety supervisi has the strongest direct impact on OHS performance, while compliance, training, and supervision also contribute positively. Motivation serves as a significant mediator, demonstrating that both internal and external drives enable employees to translate organizational safety policies into consistent safe work practices. These results highlight the critical role of enhancing safety competence, implementing motivational strategies, and conducting interactive supervision to support effective OHS practices in workplaces with diverse safety cultures.
safety compliance, safety training, safety competence, safety supervision, motivation, OHS performance
Copyright (c) 2025 Julius Pasaribu, Fauziah Eddyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0