CHANGES IN OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS IN THE FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Downloads
The literature has shown that oxidative stress markers can indicate the degree of disease severity in untreated patients with schizophrenia. There is evidence that the excessive production of free radicals or the installation of oxidative stress can be evidenced at the time of the first-episode psychosis (FEP). Were used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Guidelines to conduct a systematic literature search to detect studies comparing oxidative stress markers in FEP patients and healthy controls (HC). Twenty-one studies were obtained for inclusion in this systematic review, comprising an overall sample of 415 FEP and 392 HC for CAT (6 studies), 1293 FEP and 1279 HC for SOD (15 studies), 500 FEP and 529 HC for GPx (9 studies), 218 FEP and 228 HC for GSH (5 estudies), and 814 FEP and 852 HC for lipid peroxidation (12 studies). By analyzing the standardized mean differences, no significant differences were found between FEP and HC groups in any of the antioxidant defense system parameters assessed, despite favoring a decrease in activity of both the antioxidant and non-enzymatic enzyme systems. Lipid peroxidation levels showed a significant increase for the FEP group compared to the HC group (p < 0.0001). Heterogeneity among studies was high, with I2 values > 90%. Sensitivity analyzes were performed to obtain more homogeneous results. Significant differences were obtained for serum/plasma SOD (p < 0.0001) and lipid peroxidation (p < 0.0001) in the FEP group compared to the HC group, but still containing high heterogeneity. These results suggest that the oxidative stress biomarkers could be used to indicate the degree for the severity of the disease in untreated patients with schizophrenia.
Downloads
Boll KM, Noto C, Bonifácio KL, Bostolasci CC, Gadelha A, Bressan RA, Barbosa DS, Maes M, Moreira EG. Oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers in chronic schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 2017; 253: 43-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.038
Garcia-Alvarez L, Garcia-Portilla MP, Gonzalez-Blanco L, Saiz-Martinez PA, Fuente-Tomas L, Menedez-Miranda I, Iglesias C, Bobes J. Differential blood-based biomarkers of psychopathological dimensions of schizophrenia. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Barc.). 2016; 9:219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsmen.2016.04.008
Meana JJ, Mollinedo-Gajate I. Biomarkers in psychiatry: between myth and clinical reality. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment. 2017; 10:183-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2017.04.003
Chan, RC, Di, X, McAlonan, GM, Gong, QY. Brain anatomical abnormalities in high-risk individuals, first-episode, and chronic schizophrenia: an activation likelihood estimationmeta-analysis of illness progression. Schizophr. Bull. 2011; 37:177e188. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbp073
Ng F, Berk M, Dean O, Bush AI. Oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders: evidence base and therapeutic implications. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008; 11: 851-876. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1461145707008401
Kaur T, Cadenhead KS. Treatment implications of the schizophrenia prodrome. Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci. 2010; 4: 97–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2010_56
Lish JD, Dime-Meenan S, Whybrow PC, Price RA, Hirschfeld RM. The National Depressive and Manicdepressive Association (DMDA) survey of bipolar members. J. Affect. Disord. 1994; 31: 281–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(94)90104-X
Şimşek Ş, Gençoğlan S, Yüksel T, Kaplan İ, Alaca R, Aktaş H. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in untreated first-episode psychosis in adolescents. Neuropsychobiology. 2016; 73: 92-97. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444488
Yao JK, Reddy RD, van Kammen DP. Human plasma glutathione peroxidase and symptom severity in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 1999; 45: 1512–1515.
Martínez-Cengotitabengoa M, Mac-Dowell KS, Leza JC et al. Cognitive impairment is related to oxidative stress and chemokine levels in first psychotic episodes. Schizophr. Res. 2012; 137: 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00184-x
Scottish Schizophrenia Research Group. Smoking habits and plasma lipid peroxide and vitamin E levels in nevertreated first-episode patients with schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2000; 176: 290-293. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.3.290
Monin A, Fournier M, Baumann PS, Cuénod M, Do KQ. Role of redox dysregulation in white matter anomalies associated with schizophrenia. Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience. 2016; 23:481-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800981-9.00028-6
Boskovic M, Vovk T, Saje S, Goricar K, Dolzan V, Plesnicar, BK, Grabnar I. Association of SOD2, GPX1, CAT, and TNF genetic polymorphisms with oxidative stress, neurochemistry, psychopathology, and extrapyramidal symptoms in schizophrenia. Neurochem Res. 2013; 38:433-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-012-0937-4
Gysin R, Kraftsik R, Sandell J, Bovet P, Chappuis C, Conus P, et al. Impaired glutathione synthesis in schizophrenia: convergent genetic and functional evidence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104:16621–16626. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706778104
Do KQ, Cabungcal JH, Frank A, Steullet P, Cuenod M. Redox dysregulation, neurodevelopment, and schizophrenia. Curr Opin.Neurobiol. 2009; 19:220–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2009.05.001
Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Regulation of reactive oxygen species-mediated damage in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Brain Sci. 2020; 10: 742. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fbrainsci10100742
Antunes Neto JMF, Toyama MH, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC, Pereira-Da-Silva L, Macedo DV. Circulating leukocyte heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and oxidative stress markers in rats after a bout of exhaustive exercise. Stress. 2006; 9: 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890600772211
Shao X, Yan C, Sun D, Fu C, Tian C, Duan L, Zhu G. Association between glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the chinese Han population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020; 16: 2297-2305. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S272278
Ruiz-Litago F, Seco J, Echevarría E, Martínez-Cengotitabengoa M, Gil J, Irazusta J, González-Pinto AM. Adaptive response in the antioxidant defence system in the course and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia patients: a 12-months follow-up study. Psychiatry Res. 2012; 30: 218-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.024
Kartalci S, Karabulut AB, Ozcan AC, Porgali E, Unal S. Acute and chronic effects of electroconvulsive treatment on oxidative parameters in schizophrenia patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011; 135: 1689-1694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.05.007
Ciobica A, Padurariu M, Dobrin I, Stefanescu C, Dobrin R. Oxidative stress in schizophrenia - focusing on the main markers. Psychiatr Danub. 2011; 23: 237-245. PMID: 21963690.
Sarandol A, Sarandol E, Acikgoz HE, Eker SS, Akkaya C, Dirican M. First-episode psychosis is associated with oxidative stress: Effects of short-term antipsychotic treatment. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2015; 69: 699-707. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12333
Raffa M, Atig F, Mhalla A, Kerkeni A, Mechri A. Decreased glutathione levels and impaired antioxidant enzyme activities in drug-naive first-episode schizophrenic patients. BMC Psychiatry. 2011; 11:124. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244x-11-124
Ozornina NV, Ozornin AS, Govorin N.V. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms of changes in several cytokines and in the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Neurochem. J. 2013; 7: 230-233. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712413030112
Camkurt MA, Fındıklı E, İzci F, Kurutaş EB, Tuman TC. Evaluation of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and their diagnostic value in drug naïve, first episode, non-smoker major depression patients and healthy controls. Psychiatry Res. 2016; 238: 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.075
Miljević ČD, Nikolić-Kokić A, Blagojević D, Milovanović M, Munjiza A, Jukić MM, Pešić V, Lečić-Toševski D, Spasić MB. Association between neurological soft signs and antioxidant enzyme activity in schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Res. 2018; 269: 746-752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.009
Zhu S, Zhao L, Fan Y, Lv Q, Wu K, Lang X, Li Z, Yi Z, Geng D. Interaction between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2020; 114: 104595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104595
Mukerjee S, Mahadik SP, Scheffer R, Correnti EE, Kelkar H. Impaired antioxidant defense at the onset of psychosis. Schizophr Res. 1996; 19: 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(95)00048-8
Wu Z, Zhang XY, Wang H, Tang W, Xia Y, Zhang F, Liu J, Fu Y, Hu J, Chen Y, Liu L, Chen DC, Xiu MH, Kosten TR, He J. Elevated plasma superoxide dismutase in first-episode and drug naive patients with schizophrenia: inverse association with positive symptoms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 36: 34-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.08.018
Bai ZL, Li XS, Chen GY, Du Y, Wei ZX, Chen X, Zheng GE, Deng W, Cheng Y. Serum oxidative stress marker levels in unmedicated and medicated patients with schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci. 2018; 66: 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-018-1165-4
Jordan W, Dobrowolny H, Bahn S, Bernstein HG, Brigadski T, Frodl T, Isermann B, Lessmann V, Pilz J, Rodenbeck A, Schiltz K, Schwedhelm E, Tumani H, Wiltfang J, Guest PC, Steiner J. Oxidative stress in drug-naïve first episode patients with schizophrenia and major depression: effects of disease acuity and potential confounders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2018; 268: 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-016-0749-7
Lang X, Wang DM, Du XD, Jia QF, Chen DC, Xiu M, Wang L, Zhang X. Elevated activity of plasma superoxide dismutase in never-treated first-episode schizophrenia patients: Associated with depressive symptoms. Schizophr Res. 2020; 222: 291-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.032
Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Scientific Research and Management
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
