Biosorption potentials of sawdust in removing zinc ions from aqueous solution

Kayode Michael Ogunjobi; Victor Adeoluwa Jayeola; Oluwaseun Friday Gakenou; Opeyemi Oluwaseun Olufemi; Samuel Oluwafemi Ayanleye; Kudirat Jumoke Lawal

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v9i10.fe01

Abstract

Timber processing industries generate enormous waste, which constitutes environmental nuisance. However, the sawdust contains several organic compounds that could actively remove heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution through the adsorption process. This study investigated the efficacy of sawdust of Albizia zygia and Gmelina arborea in removing Zinc (II) under two factors affecting adsorption, Contact time and pH. Sawdust samples were sieved through a screen size of 2.0mm, after which a portion of sawdust for each species was subject to pre-treatment by boiling while the other parts were kept as control samples (untreated). The effect of pH on the removal efficiency of the biosorbent was determined by adding 0.2g of the sawdust (treated and untreated) into six conical flasks containing the metal solution (50ppm) at different pH values. There was a significant difference in the removal efficiency of both treated and untreated samples for both species. Removal efficiency also increased with time, with maximum Zn (II) biosorption achieved at 90 minutes. Removal efficiency increased with pH and reached optimum pH of 4. Both species' maximum Zn (II) biosorption (Albizia zygia = 17.22, Gmelina arborea = 17.92) compared favourably with other biosorbent used in previous studies. From this study and based on availability, cost-effectiveness, ability to be recovered and reused, sawdust of Albizia zygia and Gmelina arborea are proven alternative adsorbents treatment of water towards ensuring that quality water is available for humans, plants, and animals.

Keywords

AdsorptionAdsorbentcontaminated waterSawdustZinc ion

References

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Zwain HM, Vakili M, Dahlan I (2004) Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 2014, 13 pages.Google Scholar ↗
Demirbas A (2008) Heavy metal adsorption onto agro-based waste materials: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 157 (2-3): 220-229.Google Scholar ↗
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Awwad NS, El-Zahhar AA, Fouda AM, Ibrahium HA (2013) Removal of heavy metal ions from ground and surface water samples using carbons derived from date pits. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 1(3): 416-423.Google Scholar ↗
Simionato JI, Guerra LD, Keller M, Garcia FA, Garci JC (2014) Application of chitin and chitosan extracted from silkworm chrysalides in the treatment of textile effluents contaminated with remazol dyes. Acta Scientiarum Technology Maringá. 36 (4): 693-698.Google Scholar ↗
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Ahmad A, Rafatullahb MO, Sulaimanb M, HakimiIbrahima Y, Chiia Y, Bazlul MS (2009) Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on sawdust of Meranti wood. Desalination 247: 636-646.Google Scholar ↗
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Ogunwusi AA (2014) Wood waste generation in the forest industry in Nigeria and prospects for its industrial utilization. Civil and Environmental Research 6: 62-70.Google Scholar ↗
Shukla A, Zhang YH, Dubey P, Margrave JL, Shukla SS (2002) The role of sawdust in the removal of unwanted materials from water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 95 (1-2): 137-152.Google Scholar ↗
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Hlihor RM, Bulgariu L, Sobariu DL, Diaconu M, Tavares T, Gavrilescu M (2014) Recent advances in biosorption of heavy metals: Support tools for biosorption equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 59 (6–7), 527–538.Google Scholar ↗
Jihyun L, Hee-Man K, Lee-Hyung K, Seok-Oh K (2008) Removal of heavy metals by sawdust adsorption: Equilibrium and kinetic studies. Environmental Engineering Research 2: 79-84.Google Scholar ↗
Mohan D, Singh KP (2002) Single and multi-component adsorption of cadmium and zinc using activated carbon derived from bagasse - An agricultural waste. Water Research, 36 (9), 2304-2318. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354 (01)00447-XDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Cordero B, Lodeiro P, Herrero R, deVicente ME (2004) Biosorption of cadmium by Fucus spiralis. Environmental Chemistry 1: 180-187.Google Scholar ↗
Abdal – Kareem, Dawagreh MA (2017) Removal of Zinc from wastewater by using Jordanian Natural Zeolite. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental science 19. 3: 625-630.Google Scholar ↗
Martins RJE, Pardo R, Boaventura RAR (2004) Cadmium(II) and zinc(II) adsorption by the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica: Effect of temperature, pH and water hardness. Water Research, 38 (3), 693–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.013DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Tunali S, Akar T (2006) Zn(II) biosorption properties of Botrytis cinerea biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 131(1–3), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.09.024DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Agrawal A, Sahu KK, Pandey BD (2004) Removal of Zinc from aqueous solutions using sea nodule residue. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 237(1-3), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.01.034DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Tabaraki R, Ahmady-Asbchin S, Abdi O (2013) Biosorption of Zn(II) from aqueous solutions by Acinetobacter sp. isolated from petroleum spilled soil. (2013). Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 1(3), 604–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.06.024DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
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[refR-1] Bhatnagar M, Sillanpää M (2010) Utilization of agro-industrial and municipal waste materials as potential adsorbents for water treatment--A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157 (2-3): p. 277-296.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-2] Zwain HM, Vakili M, Dahlan I (2004) Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 2014, 13 pages.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Demirbas A (2008) Heavy metal adsorption onto agro-based waste materials: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 157 (2-3): 220-229.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Djeribi R, Hamdaoui O (2008) Sorption of Copper (II) from aqueous solutions by cedar sawdust and crushed brick. Desalination 225 (1-3): 95-112.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Awwad NS, El-Zahhar AA, Fouda AM, Ibrahium HA (2013) Removal of heavy metal ions from ground and surface water samples using carbons derived from date pits. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 1(3): 416-423.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Simionato JI, Guerra LD, Keller M, Garcia FA, Garci JC (2014) Application of chitin and chitosan extracted from silkworm chrysalides in the treatment of textile effluents contaminated with remazol dyes. Acta Scientiarum Technology Maringá. 36 (4): 693-698.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Bozic D, Stankovic V (2009) Adsorption of heavy metal ions by sawdust of deciduous trees. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 171 (1-3): 684-692.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Ahmad A, Rafatullahb MO, Sulaimanb M, HakimiIbrahima Y, Chiia Y, Bazlul MS (2009) Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on sawdust of Meranti wood. Desalination 247: 636-646.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Igwe JC, Abia AA (2006) A bioseparation process for removing heavy metals from wastewater using biosorbents. African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 5 (11), 1167–1179.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] WHO (2011) Revised Drinking Water Guidelines to Prevent Waterborne Disease. World Health Organization. https://who.int/water_sanitation_health/events/press_backgrounder/en/Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (2000) Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42352Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Luo Y, Guo W, Ngo HH, Nghiem LD, Hai FI, Zhang J, Liang S, Wang XC (2014) A review on the occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment and their fate and removal during wastewater treatment. Science of the Total Environment March 1; 473-474: 619-41.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Babel S, Kurniawan TA (2003) Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water- a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials 97 (1-3): 219-43.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Jang A, Seo Y, Bishop PL (2005). The removal of heavy metals in urban runoff by sorption on mulch. Environmental Pollution 133: 117-127.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Kanamarlapudi SLRK, Chintalpudi VK, Muddada S (2018) Application of Biosorption for Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater. In J. Derco & B. Vrana (Eds.), Biosorption. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77315DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Devanna N, Begum BA, Chari MA (2019) Low-Cost Adsorbents procedure by means of Heavy Metal Elimination from Wastewater. Preprints, February. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201902.0013.v1DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Kurniawan TA, Chan GYS (2006) Comparisons of low-cost adsorbents for treating wastewaters laden with heavy metals. Science of The Total Environment 366 (2-3): 409-426.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Ogunwusi AA (2014) Wood waste generation in the forest industry in Nigeria and prospects for its industrial utilization. Civil and Environmental Research 6: 62-70.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-19] Shukla A, Zhang YH, Dubey P, Margrave JL, Shukla SS (2002) The role of sawdust in the removal of unwanted materials from water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 95 (1-2): 137-152.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-20] Alboukadel A (2020). rstatix: Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests. R Package version 0.6.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rstatix.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] John F (2020) RcmdrMisc: R Commander Miscellaneous Functions. R package version 2.7.1. https://CRAN.R- project.org/package=RcmdrMisc.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Abdel-Ghani NT, Hegazy AK, El-Chaghaby GA (2009) Typha domingensis leaf powder for decontamination of aluminium, iron, zinc and lead: Biosorption kinetics and equilibrium modeling. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 243–248.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-23] Joo JH, Hassan SHA, Oh SE (2010) Comparative study of biosorption of Zn2+ by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 64 (8), 734–741.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-24] Shobana V, Anusha PG, Thejeshwar RD, Nayana S (2017) Removal of Zinc (Zn2+) from wastewater by Mangifera indica peel. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering 3 (24): 238-246.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-25] Hlihor RM, Bulgariu L, Sobariu DL, Diaconu M, Tavares T, Gavrilescu M (2014) Recent advances in biosorption of heavy metals: Support tools for biosorption equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 59 (6–7), 527–538.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-26] Jihyun L, Hee-Man K, Lee-Hyung K, Seok-Oh K (2008) Removal of heavy metals by sawdust adsorption: Equilibrium and kinetic studies. Environmental Engineering Research 2: 79-84.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-27] Mohan D, Singh KP (2002) Single and multi-component adsorption of cadmium and zinc using activated carbon derived from bagasse - An agricultural waste. Water Research, 36 (9), 2304-2318. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354 (01)00447-XDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-28] Cordero B, Lodeiro P, Herrero R, deVicente ME (2004) Biosorption of cadmium by Fucus spiralis. Environmental Chemistry 1: 180-187.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-29] Abdal – Kareem, Dawagreh MA (2017) Removal of Zinc from wastewater by using Jordanian Natural Zeolite. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental science 19. 3: 625-630.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-30] Martins RJE, Pardo R, Boaventura RAR (2004) Cadmium(II) and zinc(II) adsorption by the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica: Effect of temperature, pH and water hardness. Water Research, 38 (3), 693–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.013DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-31] Tunali S, Akar T (2006) Zn(II) biosorption properties of Botrytis cinerea biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 131(1–3), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.09.024DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-32] Agrawal A, Sahu KK, Pandey BD (2004) Removal of Zinc from aqueous solutions using sea nodule residue. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 237(1-3), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.01.034DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-33] Tabaraki R, Ahmady-Asbchin S, Abdi O (2013) Biosorption of Zn(II) from aqueous solutions by Acinetobacter sp. isolated from petroleum spilled soil. (2013). Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 1(3), 604–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.06.024DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-34] Gaballah I, Kiberus G (1994). Elimination of As, Hg and Zn from synthetic solutions and industrial effluents using modified bark, in: M. Misra (Ed.), Separation Process: Heavy Metals, Ions and Materials, The Mineral, Metals and Materials Society. Pp. 15 – 26.Google Scholar ↗