ISSN (Online): 2321-3418
server-injected
Medical Sciences and Pharmacy
Open Access

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of N-buthanol Portion of Acacia nilotica Pods in Mice and Wistar rats.

, , ,
DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v10i01.mp02· Pages: 519-530· Vol. 10, No. 01, (2022)· Published: January 15, 2022
PDF
Views: 560 PDF downloads: 253

Abstract

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the n-buthanol fraction of Acacia nilotica pods (BF ANP) is investigated in this study. The fraction was subjected for: Phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannin,saponnin, glycosides while the acute toxicity studies showed a relative LD 50 of 565mg/kg (ip). The fraction showed both central and peripheral analgesic activity. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test used to determine peripheral analgesic activity, the BF ANP at the 160,80,40 mg/kg dose inhibits writhing, comparable to reference drug ketoprofen (10 mg/kg) which are all statistically significant (P≤0.001).In central analgesic activity using hot plat method, BF ANP  produced central analgesic activity in a dose-dependent manner by elongation of hot plat time when compared to the standard drugs pentazocine. Both BF ANP and pentazocine inhibit significantly licking activity in the formalin-induced pain in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity in the rat paw edema model, BF ANP produced a significant reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema (p≤0.05). BF ANP when compare to standard drugs ketoprofen is as potent as standard drugs. This study demonstrated that BF ANP possesses significant anti-inflammatory and both central and peripheral analgesic activity due to presence of flavonoids tannin and saponin in that active portion.

Keywords

Acacia nilotica podsacetic acidcarrageenanedemaanalgesic activityanti-inflammatory activity 1. Background

References

  1. Adomou, A.C., 2005. Vegetation patterns and environmental gradients in Benin: implications for biogeography and conservation [Ph. D. thesis]. Wageningen, the Netherlands: University of Wageningen.Google Scholar ↗
  2. Antonio, M.A. and A.R.M. Souza Brito, 1998. Oral anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activities of a hydroalcoholic extract and partitioned fractions of Turnera ulmifolia (Turneraceae). J. Ethnopharmacol., 61: 215-228Google Scholar ↗
  3. Aiyelero, O.M., Z.G. Ibrahim, and A. H.Yaro, 2009. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol leaf extract of Ficus ingens (moraceae) in rodents. Nigerian Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. Vol. 8 No. 2, P. 79 – 86Google Scholar ↗
  4. Calixto, J.B., 2000. Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents). Brazilian Journal of medical and Biological research, 33(2), pp.179-189.Google Scholar ↗
  5. Chakraborty A, R.K.B, Devi, S, Rita, K. Sharatchandra, T.I Singh, 2004.Preliminary studies on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Spilanthes acmella in experimental animal models. International. Journal. Pharmacology.36: 148-150Google Scholar ↗
  6. Dafallah.A and Z. Al-Mustapha, 1996. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Acacia nilotica and Hibiscus sabdariffa.American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 24, 263–269.Google Scholar ↗
  7. Davis, P, P.J.Bayley, M..M. Goldenberg, and A.W.Ford-Hutchinson, 1984.The role of arachidonic acid oxygenation products in pain and inflammation.Annual Review of Immunology; 2:335-357Google Scholar ↗
  8. Deraedt, R., S. Jouquey, F. Delevallee and M. Flahaut, 1980. Release of prostaglandins E and F in an algogenic reaction and its inhibition. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 61: 17-24Google Scholar ↗
  9. Dhara, A.K., V. Suba, T. Sen, S. Pal and A.K.N. Chaudhuri, 2000. Preliminary studies on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the methanolic fraction of the root extract of Tragia involucrata Linn. J. Ethnopharmacol., 72: 265-268Google Scholar ↗
  10. Dos Santos MD, M. Camila, N.P. Lopes, G.E.P de Souza 2006.Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of the natural polyphenol chlorogenic acid. Biology. Pharmacology. 29:2236-2240.Google Scholar ↗
  11. Euchenhofer, C., Maihöfner, C., Brune, K., Tegeder, I. and Geisslinger, G., 1998. Differential effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor NS 398 and diclofenac on formalin-induced nociception in the rat. Neuroscience letters, 248(1), pp.25-28.Google Scholar ↗
  12. Evans. W.C. 2002 Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy.15th Edn, Balliera Tindall, London, ESBN-10; 0702026174Google Scholar ↗
  13. Giuliano F,and T.D Warner 2002. Origins of Prostaglandin E2: Involvements of Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in Human and Rat Systems. Journal. Pharmacology. Experimental. Therapy. 303: 1001-1006.Google Scholar ↗
  14. Gronow, D.W., 2011. The place of pharmacological treatment of chronic pain. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 12(2), pp.39-41.Google Scholar ↗
  15. Gupta M, U.K Mazumder, P. Gomathi, V.T Selvan 2006.Anti-inflammatory evaluation of leaves of Plumeria acuminate. British Medical Journal. Compl. Alter. Medicine. 6: 36-41Google Scholar ↗
  16. Gupta, M., U.K. Mazumder, R.S. Kumar and T.S. Kumar, 2003. Studies on anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties of methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella leaves in experimental animal models. Iran. J. Pharmacol. Therapeutics, 2: 30-34Google Scholar ↗
  17. Hao S, O, Takahata, and H .Iwasaki 2001. Antinociceptive interaction between spinal clonidine and lidocaine in the rat formalin test: anisobolographic analysis. Anesthesia. Analgesia. 92: 733-738Google Scholar ↗
  18. Henschke N, Kamper SJ, Maher CG, 2015. The epidemiology and economic consequences of pain. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Elsevier.Google Scholar ↗
  19. Hwang, H.J., Kim, P., Kim, C.J., Lee, H.J., Shim, I., Yin, C.S., Yang, Y. and Hahm, D.H., 2008. Antinociceptive effect of amygdalin isolated from Prunus armeniaca on formalin-induced pain in rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 31(8), pp.1559-1564.Google Scholar ↗
  20. Iwueke, A.V., Nwodo, O.F.C. and Okoli, C.O., 2006. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Vitex doniana leaves. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(20), p.1929.Google Scholar ↗
  21. Koster, R., M. Anderson and E.J. Debeer, 1959. Acetic acid analgesic screening. Fed . Proced. 18: 418-420Google Scholar ↗
  22. Kumar, K.H. and Elavarasi, P., 2016. Definition of pain and classification of pain disorders. Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights, 3(3), pp.87-90.Google Scholar ↗
  23. Kumar, V., A.K. Abbas, and J.C. Aster, Robbins basic pathology e-book. 2017: Elsevier Health SciencesGoogle Scholar ↗
  24. Le Bars, D., Gozariu, M. and Cadden, S.W., 2001. Animal models of nociception. Pharmacological reviews, 53(4), pp.597-652.Google Scholar ↗
  25. Lee JY, Y.W.Jang, H.S Kang, H.Moon, S.S. Sim, C.J. Kim 2006. Anti inflammatory action of Phenolic Compounds from Gastrodia elata Root. Arch. Pharmacology . Research. 29: 849-858.Google Scholar ↗
  26. Lompo-Ouedraogo, Z., Van Der Heide, D., Van Der Beek, E. M., Swarts, H. J., Mattheij, J. A., Sawadogo, L. (2004). Effect of aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica ssp adansonii on milk production and prolactin release in the rat. Journal of Endocrinology, Vol:182(2), P: 257-266.Google Scholar ↗
  27. Lorke, D. 1983. A new approach to acute toxicity testing. Archives of toxicology, 54:275-287.Google Scholar ↗
  28. Malec D, M. Mandryk, S. Fidecka 2008. Interaction of memantine and ketamine morphine- and pentazocine-induced antinociception in mice. Pharmacology. Rev 60: 149-155.Google Scholar ↗
  29. Manzo, L. M., Moussa, I., Ikhiri, K., & Yu, L. (2019). Toxicity studies of Acacia nilotica (L.): A review of the published scientific literature. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 8(3), 163-172.Google Scholar ↗
  30. Meotti F.C, A.P. Luiz, M.G. Pizzolatti, C.A.L. Kassuya, J.B. Calixto, A.R.S.Santos 2005. Analysis of the antinociceptive effect of the flavonoid myricitrin. Evidence for a role of the L-arginine-nitric oxide and proteinkinase C pathways. JPET 10: 1124-1158Google Scholar ↗
  31. Ojewole, J.A.O. 2006. Analgesic, Antiinflammatory, and Hypoglycaemic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) Rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) in Mice and Rats. Phytotherapy. Res. 20, 764–7Google Scholar ↗
  32. Pinheiro RM and J.B. Calixto 2002. Effect of the selective COX-2 inhibitors, celecoxib, and rofecoxib, in rat acute models of inflammation. Inflammation Res. 51: 603Google Scholar ↗
  33. Rauf, A., Uddin, G., Siddiqui, B. S., Khan, H., Shah, S. U. A., Hadda, T. B. & Khan, A. 2016. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids isolated from Pistacia integerrima galls. Complementary therapies in medicine, 25, 132-138.Google Scholar ↗
  34. Schug, S.A., Garrett, W.R. and Gillespie, G., 2003. Opioid and non-opioid analgesics. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 17(1), pp.91-110.Google Scholar ↗
  35. Shin, Y.H., S.C.Kim, J.W . Han, D.H Kim, S.S. Han, D.H Shin,.and S.Y. Nah.1997.Study on ginseng protopanaxadiol and saponins-induced antinociception.Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology,2:143-149.Google Scholar ↗
  36. Simmons, D.L., Botting, R.M. and Hla, T., 2004. Cyclooxygenase isozymes: the biology of prostaglandin synthesis and inhibition. Pharmacological Reviews, 56(3), pp.387-437.Google Scholar ↗
  37. Stanton-Hicks, M., Jänig, W., Hassenbusch, S.A., Haddox, J.D., Boas, R. and Wilson, P., 1995. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: changing concepts and taxonomy. Pain, 63(1), pp.127-133.Google Scholar ↗
  38. Taber, R.I., D.D. Greenhouse, J. K. Rendel, and S.Irwin, 1969. Agonist and antagonistinteractions of opioids on acetic acid-induced abdominal stretching in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 169: 29-37.Google Scholar ↗
  39. Tamrat, Y., Nedi, T., Assefa, S., Teklehaymanot, T. and Shibeshi, W., 2017. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of solvent fractions of the leaves of Moringa stenopetala Bak. (Moringaceae) in mice models. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 17(1), pp.1-10.Google Scholar ↗
  40. Trease, G.E. and M.C.Evans, 1983. Textbook of pharmacognosy. 12th ed. Tindall, London. Pp: 322-383.Google Scholar ↗
  41. Turner, R. A.,1965.Screening methods in pharmacology.Academic Press.London.P.100Google Scholar ↗
  42. Viana,G.S.B.,M.A.M.Bandeira,L.C.Moura,MVP.Filho-Souza,F.J.A.Matos,R.A.Ribeiro, 1997.Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory effect of tannin, fraction from Myracrodroum, ururdeuva.Fr.All.Phythera.Res.11;118-122.Google Scholar ↗
  43. Viegas, C., S. Alexandre-Moreira, M. Fraga, E.J. Barreiro, V.S. Bolzani, A.L.P. deiranda, 2008. Antinociceptive profile of 2,3,6-trisubstituted piperidine alkaloids: 3-o-acetyl-spectaline and semi-synthetic derivative of (-)-spectaline. Chemical. Pharmacology. Bulletin. 56: 407-412.Google Scholar ↗
  44. Vittalrao, M.A., T. Shanbhag, K.M. Kumari, K.L. Bairy, and S. Shenoy, 2011. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of alcoholic extract of Kaempferia galanga in rats. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 55: 13-24Google Scholar ↗
  45. Vyas,S. R., P.Agrawal,. P. Solanki, and P.Trivedi, 2008.Analgesic and anti-inflammatory act.ivities of Trigonella foenum- Graecum (seeds) Extract.Acta poloniae Pharmaceutica-Drugs Reseach; Vol.65 No4 pp473-476.Google Scholar ↗
  46. World Health Organization, 2012. Persisting pain in children package: WHO guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of persisting pain in children with medical illnesses.Google Scholar ↗
  47. Xie Y.F., J. Wang, F.Q.Huo, H. Jia, J.S. Tang, 2005. Validation of a simple automated movement detection system for formalin test in rats1 Acta.Pharmacology Sinica 26: 39-45.Google Scholar ↗
  48. Yerima, M., M.G. Magaji, A.H.Yaro, Y .Tanko, and M. Mohammed, 2009. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic leaves extract of securinega virosa (euphorbiaceae). Nigerian Journal Pharmacological Sciences. Vol. 8 No. 1. P. 47 – 53.Google Scholar ↗
  49. Yoon SB, Lee YJ, Park SK, Kim HC, Bae H, Kim HM, Ko SG, Choi HY, Oh MS, Park W,2009. Anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis water extract on LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol. ; Vol 125: P.286–290Google Scholar ↗
Author details
Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou
1Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
✉ Corresponding Author
👤 View Profile →
Yusuf. Tanko:
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
👤 View Profile →
Rabiu AbduSSALAM Magaji
Department of Pharmacology Faculty of pharmaceutical science Bayaro University Kano Nigeria
👤 View Profile →🔗 Is this you? Claim this publication
Abdullahi Hamza Yaro
Department of Pharmacology Faculty of pharmaceutical science Bayaro University Kano Nigeria.
ORCID ↗
👤 View Profile →🔗 Is this you? Claim this publication