Liability of Commercial Air Transport Service Providers in the Carriage of Corpse
Downloads
In general, objects in air transportation are passengers, baggage, cargo, and/or post. However, in its development, the existing air transportation also carries out the transportation of corpses. If it is related to the responsibility of the air carrier, then the position of the corpse in air transport is important to be studied in order to determine the form and limits of the air carrier's responsibility. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the position of the corpse in the law of air transportation, as well as the responsibility of the carrier in transporting the corpse by air. The method used in this research is legal research with conceptual approach, statutory approach, comparative approach, and case approach. Based on the research that has been done, it can be found that the position of the corpse in international and national air transportation law has been positioned as cargo. Consequently, the responsibility of the air carrier in the transportation of corpses is also based on the responsibility of the carrier in the carriage of cargo. This is of course inappropriate when applied to the transportation of corpses, because with such arrangements, heavier body will receive greater compensation than lighter body.
Keywords: air transportation; corpse; responsibility; legal protection.
Downloads
Books
AK, Syahmin et al. Hukum Udara dan Luar Angkasa. Palembang: Unsri Press, 2012.
Efendi, Jonaedi, dan Johnny Ibrahim. Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Jakarta: Prenamedia Group, 2016.
Khairandy, Ridwan. Pokok – Pokok Hukum Dagang Indonesia. Yogyakarta: FH UII Press, 2013.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media, 2021.
Wulandari, Andi Sri Rezky. Buku Ajar Hukum Dagang. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media, 2014.
Martono, H.K. dan Amad Sudiro. Hukum Udara Nasional dan Internasional Publik. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2012.
Articles
Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. “Acceptance of Human Remains Carriage by Air-Some Concerns in Security and Safety”, Journal of Transportation Security , 5, 4, (2012): 305-317. DOI : DOI 10.1007/s12198-012-0098-3.
Adriani, Rhirien. “Tanggung Gugat Pengangkut Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 77 Tahun 2011 Tentang Tanggung Jawab Pengangkut Angkutan Udara”, Jurnal IUS, 3, 8 (2018): 299 – 310. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12345/ius.v3i8.214.
Agus, Sri Wahyuni, Kamsilaniah, dan Andi Tira. “Legal Analysis Of Consumer Issuance In Transportation Of Goods Through Sea Transportation Mode”, Clavia: Journal of Law, 19, 2 (2021): 192 – 203.
Aljufri, Muhamad Rizal, Godlieb N. Mamahit, dan Meiske T. Sondakh. “Tanggungjawab Para Pihak Dalam Perjanjian Pengangkutan Barang Melalui Laut”, Lex Privatum, 3, 2 (2020): 116 – 125.
Angelo, Michael. “Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekspeditur Terhadap Keterlambatan Dan/Atau Hilangnya Barang Pada Konsumen (Studi Kasus PT. Pacific Express Cargo)”, Jurnal Analisis Hukum, 3, 1 (2020): 116 – 128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38043/jah.v3i1.2687.
Anwar, Moh. “Perjanjian Pengangkutan Barang Pada PT. Kerta Gaya Pusaka (KGP) Dan Akibat Hukumnya Jika Terjadi Wanprestasi”, Jendela Hukum, 1, 2 (2014): 22 – 31.
Aspan, Henry, Fadlan, dan E. Arinda Chikita. “Perjanjian Pengangkutan Barang Loose Cargo Pada Perusahaan Kapal Bongkar Muat”, Soumatra Law Review, 2, 2 (2019): 322 – 334. DOI: http://doi.org/10.22216/soumlaw.v2i2.5227.
Ayau, Edward H, Honor Keeler. “Injustice, Human Rights, and Intellectual Savagery in Human Remains in Museums and Collections”. A Review in : H-Soz-Kult, 14, 4, (2017): 1-13.
Caroline, Bekartini. “Pengkualifikasian Merk Sebagai Benda Untuk Dapat Dijadikan Objek Jaminan”, Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika, 34, 1, (2016): 102-113. DOI : 10.25072/jwy.v34i1.
Chen, Zhen. “Is a Mummy a Person or a Propety: The Classification and Choice of Law of Cultural Objects in Private International Law”, The Chinese Journal of Comparative Law , (2022): 1-23. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1093/cjcl/cxac006
Darusman, Yoyon M. “Kedudukan Serta Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pemegang Hak Paten Dalam Kerangka Hukum Nasional Indonesia dan Hukum Internasional”, Yustisia Jurnal Hukum, 5, 1 (2016): 203-215. DOI : 10.20961/yustisia.v5i1.8732.
Fillibeck, Giorgio. “Demnitatea Umana”, Consiliul Pontifical Justitia Et Pac, 10 (2000): 10-11.
Juaningsih, Imas Novita. “Analisis Kebijakan PHK Bagi Para Pekerja Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia”, Adalah, 4, 1 (2020): 189 – 196. DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v4i1.15764.
Lawson, Robert. “The Montreal Convention 1999 at 21: Has It Come of Age or Passed Its Sell-by Date?”, Air and Space Law, 45, 3 (2020): 231 – 366.
Lumba, Hermawan. “Pertanggungjawaban Perusahaan Ekspeditur Kepada Konsumen Berdasarkan Uu No. 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen”, Mimbar Keadilan, 77 (2014): 71 – 86.
Massie, Epafras Nyong Eli, Hendrik Pandaag, dan Suriyono Soewikromo. “Tanggung Jawab Perusahaan Ekspedisi Muatan Kapal Laut Atas Kerusakan Dan Kehilangan Barang Dengan Menggunakan Transportasi Laut”, Lex Privatum, 9, 3 (2021): 247 – 257.
Mumek, Regita A. “Hak-hak Kebendaan Ditinjau Dari Aspek Hukum Perdata”, Lex Administratum, 5, 2, (2017): 6-18.
Muniarti, Riri. “Nanokomposit Karet Alam/Silikon Sebagai Otot Sintetik Dengan Sifat Mekanik Seperti Otot Manusia”, Jurnal Ilmu Fisika Universitas Andalas , 10, 1, (2012): 38-45. DOI : 10.25077/jif.10.1.38-45.2018
Mustofa, R. Zainul, Siti Aminah, Dendik Irawan. “Praktik Pembagian Waris Anak Angkat Perspektif Hukum Islam, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, Hukum Perdata, dan Hukum Adat di Desa Surabayan Kabupaten Lamongan”, Journal of Sharia, 1, (2022): 49-66.
Nasution, Krisnandi. “Penerapan Prinsip Tanggung Jawab Pengangkut Terhadap Penumpang Bus Umum”, Mimbar Hukum, 26, 1 (2014): 54 – 69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16054.
Nuswardhani dan Wafda Vivid Izziyana. “Aspek Hukum Dalam Pelaksanaan Pengiriman Barang”, Justiciabelen, 4, 1 (2021): 11 – 22. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/justiciabelen.v4i1.2766.
Ogolla, Christopher. Death Be Not Strange. “The Montreal Convention's Mislabeling of Human Remains as Cargo and Its Near Unbreakable Liability Limits”. Dickinson Law Review, 124, 1 (2019): 53 – 90.
Pasaribu, Mangara. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Penumpang Dan Barang Milik Penumpang Dalam Jasa Pengangkutan Udara”, Mercatoria, 9, 1 (2016): 35 – 53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31289/mercatoria.v9i1.350.
Pernando, Nedi, Busyra Azheri, Wetria Fauzi. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Atas Kerusakan Barang Pengguna Jasa Pengiriman Angkutan Online”, Soumatera Law Review, 4, 1 (2021): 135 – 149.
Puspitasari, Anisha, Muh. Jamal, dan Nur Hasanah. “Inovasi Layanan Pt.Pos Indonesia Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Sebagai Upaya Menjaga Eksistensi Di Era Persaingan Global (Studi Kasus Kantor Pos Samarinda)”, eJournal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 7, 2 (2019): 647 – 660.
Putri, Rosalita Ardiani, dan Bambang Eko Turisno. “Perlindungan Hukum Yang Adil Atas Hilangnya Bagasi Penumpang Dalam Pengangkutan Udara”, Jurnal Law Reform, 11, 1 (2015): 53 – 64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v11i1.15755.
Rahman, Aulia, Iwan Setiawan, dan Darjat. “Perancangan Sistem Stabilisasi Roll Dan Yaw Pada Prototype Hovercraft Menggunakan Sensor Imu 6 Dof Dengan Metode Self Tuning Fuzzy Pid”, Transient, 6, 4 (2017): 524 – 533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/transient.6.4.524-533.
Randang, Virginia Gladys. “Pengembangan Pengaturan Pengangkutan Multimoda Dalam Hukum Pengangkutan Niaga Di Indonesia”, Lex Administratum, 3, 5 (2015): 5 – 11.
Resta, Giorgio. “Human Dignity”, McGill Law Journal, 85, (2020): 85-89.
Rogers, Alix. “Unearthing the Origins of Quasi-Property Status”, Hastings Law Journal, 72, 1, (2020): 291-336.
Rose, Carol M. “A Legal Status of No-Property”, Houston Law Review, 57, 2 (2019) : 377-403.
Rose, Carol M. “The Comedy of The Commons : Custom, Commerce, and Inherently Public Property”, University of Chicago Law Review, 53, 3 (1986) : 711-781.
Searchy, Elizabeth. “The Dead Belong to the Living : Disinterment and Custody of Dead Bodies in Nineteenth-Century America”, Journal of Social History, 28, 1 (2014); 112-134, DOI : 10.1093/jsh/shu070
Sembiring, Sentosa. Hukum Pengangkutan Laut. Bandung: Penerbit Nuansa Aulia, 2019.
Sourlas, Paul. “Human Dignity and the Constitution”, Jurisprudence, 7, 1, (2016): 30-46. DOI : 10.1080/20403313.2015.1066556
Sudiro, Ahmad. “Kewajiban Pengangkut Kepada Pihak Yang Menderita Kerugian Dalam Undang-Undang Penerbangan Nasional”, Jurnal Lex Publica, 1, 1 (2014): 12 – 24.
Tasya, Ananda Amalia, dan Hilda Yunita Sabrie. “Implementasi Sifat Hukum Pengangkutan Dalam Pelaksanaan Ojek Online”, Perspektif, 24, 3, (2019): 156 – 167. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v24i3.746.
Truxal, Steven. “Air carrier liability and air passenger rights: a game of tug of war?”, Journal of International and Comparative Law, 4, 1 (2017): 103 – 122.
Usanti, Trisadini Prasastinah. “Lahirnya Hak Kebendaan”, Perspektif, 17, 1 (2012): 44-53. DOI : 10.30742/perspektif.v17i1.93
Legal Documents
The International Air Transport Association, Airport Handling Manual 310.
United States of America, Rhode Island Supreme Court. Putusan Perihal Pierce v. Proprietors of Swan Cemetery, 10 R.I.
Internet
Cahyani, Dewi Rina, “Jenazah Eril Diterbangkan Satu Pesawat Dengan Ridwan Kamil”, https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1600775/jenazah-eril-diterbangkan-satu-pesawat-dengan-ridwan-kamil. Accessed 21 June 2022.
Citilink. “Citilink Cargo”, https://www.citilink.co.id/citilink-cargo. Accessed 29 May 2022.
Fauzia, Mutia, “Penemuan Jenazah Eril Anak Ridwan Kamil di Bendungan Engehalde Swiss Setelah 14 Hari Pencarian”, https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/06/10/05233151/penemuan-jenazah-eril-anak-ridwan-kamil-di-bendungan-engehalde-swiss-setelah. Accessed 21 June 2022.
Garuda Indonesia. “Human Remains”, https://cargo.garuda-indonesia.com/Human-Remains. Accessed 29 May 2022.
Gislén, Marushia Li, dan Maria Kangas. “Special Drawing Rights – the role as a global reserve asset, the Riksbank’s experience and the way forward”, https://www.riksbank.se/globalassets/media/rapporter/ekonomiska-kommentarer/engelska/2020/special-drawing-rights--the-role-as-a-global-reserve-asset-the-riksbanks-experience-and-the-way-forward.pdf. Accessed 27 May 2022.
Gunadha, Reza. “Potret Ani Yudhoyono Setelah Dinyatakan Meninggal Dunia”,
https://www.suara.com/news/2019/06/01/144227/potret-ani-yudhoyono-setelah-dinyatakan-meninggal-dunia, 1/6/2019. Accessed 2 June 2022.
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring. “Je.Na.Zah.”, https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/jenazah. Accessed 29 May 2022
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring. “Ma.Yat”,
https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/MAYAThttps://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/MAYAT. Accessed 29 May 2022.
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring. “Kar.Go”, https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/kargo. Accessed 22 May 2022.
Lion Air Group. “Ketentuan Memberangkatkan Jenazah”,
https://lionairgroupsupport.freshdesk.com/support/solutions/articles/70000467989-ketentuan-memberangkatkan-jenazah. Accessed 27 May 2022.
Lion Air. “Ketentuan Memberangkatkan Jenazah”,
https://lionairgroupsupport.freshdesk.com/support/solutions/articles/70000467989-ketentuan-memberangkatkan-jenazah, 8/4/2022. Accessed 29 May 2022.
Sebayang, Rio Peranata. “Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Ekspedisi Melalui Angkutan Udara (Sudi pada PT Anugerah Semesta Persada)”. Tesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 2016.
The International Air Transport Association. “About us”, https://www.iata.org/en/about/. Accessed 27 May 2022.
The International Civil Aviation Organization. “About ICAO”, https://www.icao.int/about-icao/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed 27 May 2022.
The International Civil Aviation Organization. “The History of ICAO and Chicago Convention”, https://www.icao.int/about-icao/history/pages/default.aspx. Accessed 29 May 2022.
Tiga Permata. “Karakteristik Pengiriman Via Cargo Udara”,
https://www.3pe.co.id/2016/10/karakteristik-pengiriman-via-cargo-udara/. Accessed 29 May 2022.
Copyright (c) 2023 Hilda Yunita Sabrie , Harven Fillipo Taufik, Anita Maharani Tanusaputri, Maradona
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
