Abstract
The study investigates how resilience and efficiency can be improved in the energy sector using cybersecurity. The main objective of the paper is to enable organizations in the energy sector to develop a robust framework to manage renewable energy storage effectively with little to no cost consequence because of cyberattacks. A survey data saved in the repository of Kaggle was extracted and utilized for the purpose of the study, it contains cybersecurity indicators such as anomaly score, log source, attack types, attacks severity, and response action, which were the features adopted for developing a model, while the target variable was renewable energy generation. A machine learning approach was adopted, with the Rsquared indicating that 61 % variation in renewable energy store is explained by the features included in the model. The study recommends that there should be an increased investment in cybersecurity structure to safeguard energy systems against cyber threats. Also, stakeholders should implement comprehensive training programs to enhance cybersecurity awareness and skills of personnel working in the energy sector.
Keywords
References
- R. IREA, “International Renewable Energy Agency.,” Renewable Capacity Statistics., 2021.Google Scholar ↗
- R. IEA, “Cybersecurity and the Energy Sector: Policy Recommendations.,” IEA Publications, 2021.Google Scholar ↗
- N. Chukwu et al., “Resilient Chain: AI-Enhanced Supply Chain Security and Efficiency Integration,” Int. J. Sci. Manag. Res., vol. 07, no. 03, pp. 46–65, 2024, doi: 10.37502/IJSMR.2024.7306.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
- A. Johnson and M. Lee, “Cybersecurity Threats to Energy Infrastructure: A Comprehensive Analysis.,” Energy Policy Rev., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 112–129, 2019.Google Scholar ↗
- J. Smith, “Enhancing Resilience in Critical Infrastructure: A Review of Challenges and Strategies.,” J. Energy Secur., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 45–62, 2020.Google Scholar ↗
- C. Wang and Y. Zhang, “Advances in Renewable Energy Storage Technologies: A Comprehensive Review.,” Renew. Energy J., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 211–230, 2021.Google Scholar ↗
- O. R. I. Eduardo and R. Luis, Brief Overview of Cybersecurity Issues on Smart Power Systems Energy Storage Association. 2015.Google Scholar ↗
- C. Scott and M. Brian, “4 top cybersecurity considerations in the renewable energy sector. Retrieved from,” Feb. 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.cohnreznick.com/insights/4-cybersecurity-considerations-renewable-energyGoogle Scholar ↗
- O. Adekunle et al., “A Review of Cybersecurity as an Effective Tool for Fighting Identity Theft across United States,” Int. J. Cybern. Inform., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 31–42, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.5121/ijci.2023.120504.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
- T. P. McAllister and C. E. Irvine, “Cyber resilience for critical infrastructure systems.,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 104, no. 5, pp. 915–924, 2016.Google Scholar ↗
- B. Schneier, Data and Goliath: the hidden battles to collect your data and control your world, First published as a Norton paperback 2016. New York London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2016.Google Scholar ↗
- M. E. Whitman and H. J. Mattord, Principles of information security, Seventh edition. Boston, MA: Cengage, 2022.Google Scholar ↗
- S. K. Ransbotham and P. K. Prentice, “Beyond Cybersecurity: Protecting Your Digital Business.,” MIT Slogan Manag. Rev., vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 20–23, 2015.Google Scholar ↗
- R. USEIA, “U.S. Energy Information Administration: Electricity Data Browser - Electricity in the United States.,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/Google Scholar ↗
- Lazard, “Lazard’s levelized cost of storage analysis—version 6.0.” [Online]. Available: https://www.lazard.com/perspective/lcoe2020Google Scholar ↗
- R. USDE, “U.S. Department of Energy. (2022). Concentrating Solar Power Projects.,” 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/concentrating-solar-power-projectsGoogle Scholar ↗
- R. AWEA, “American Wind Energy Association. Reports.,” U.S. Wind Industry Market, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.awea.org/wind-industry-market-reportsGoogle Scholar ↗
- R. USBR, “U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Hoover Dam.,” Renewable Capacity Statistics. [Online]. Available: https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/Google Scholar ↗
- R. USDE, “U.S. Department of Energy: Energy storage grand challenge roadmap.,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/12/f81/ESC-Roadmap_December2020.pdfGoogle Scholar ↗
- E. Gregor and O. Jack, Cybersecurity of critical energy infrastructure. European Parliamentary Research Service. 2019.Google Scholar ↗
- M. Negreiro, “ENISA and a new cybersecurity act, EPRS.” [Online]. Available: https://www.lazard.com/perspective/lcoe2020Google Scholar ↗