Formation and Prevention of Natural Gas Hydrates

Yuekang Chu

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v12i12.c02

Abstract

Natural gas hydrate is formed under certain temperatures and pressures, which makes it an unavailable clean energy source. However, in industrial production, clogging occurring due to hydrate generation can cause a series of safety accidents and economic losses. In order to solve the hazards of natural gas hydrates in drilling, this paper reviews the formation conditions of natural gas hydrates and the prevention and control measures. In order to inhibit the formation of hydrates, the use of traditional well control measures and the addition of thermodynamic inhibitors have high costs, large dosages, an unfriendly environment, etc. The new type of kinetic inhibitor has a strong effect and low dosage and is considered to be the most promising chemical treatment for hydrate prevention and control in the industry. However, kinetic inhibitors are greatly affected by environmental factors, and compounding them with thermodynamic inhibitors and their synergistic effect can greatly reduce the dosage of thermodynamic inhibitors and improve inhibition performance. It is an important direction for laboratory research and has shown good results in field applications.

Keywords

gas hydratedeep-waterdrillprevention and curekinetic inhibitors

References

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Koh C A, Sum A K, Sloan E D. State of the art: Natural gas hydrates as a natural resource[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2012, 8: 132-138.Google Scholar ↗
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Carroll J. Natural gas hydrates: a guide for engineers[M]. Gulf Professional Publishing, 2020.Google Scholar ↗
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Sadr M B, Bozorgian A. An overview of gas overflow in gaseous hydrates[J]. Journal of Chemical Reviews, 2021, 3(1): 66-82.Google Scholar ↗
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Kayedi N, Samimi A, Bajgirani M A, et al. Enhanced oxidative desulfurization of model fuel: A comprehensive experimental study[J]. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 35: 153-158.Google Scholar ↗
Kazemabadi F Z, Heydarinasab A, Akbarzadehkhiyavi A, et al. Chemical Methodologies[J]. 2020.Google Scholar ↗
Bozorgian A, Samimi A. A review of Kinetics of Hydrate Formation and the Mechanism of the Effect of the inhibitors on it[J]. International Journal of New Chemistry, 2021, 8(1): 41-58.Google Scholar ↗
BAI Xiaodong,HUANG Jinjun,HOU Qinli. Analysis of the causes of gas hydrate in deepwater drilling fluids and its prevention and control measures[J]. Progress of Fine Petrochemicals,2004,(04):52-54+58.Google Scholar ↗
Lekvam K, Ruoff P. A reaction kinetic mechanism for methane hydrate formation in liquid water[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1993, 115(19): 8565-8569.Google Scholar ↗
Sloan Jr E D, Koh C A. Clathrate hydrates of natural gases[M]. CRC press, 2007.Google Scholar ↗
Makogon Y F, Makogon T Y, Holditch S A. Gas hydrate formation and dissociation with thermodynamic and kinetic inhibitors[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition?. SPE, 1999: SPE-56568-MS.Google Scholar ↗
Lee J D, Englezos P. Enhancement of the performance of gas hydrate kinetic inhibitors with polyethylene oxide[J]. Chemical engineering science, 2005, 60(19): 5323-5330.Google Scholar ↗
Kelland M A, Iversen J E. Kinetic hydrate inhibition at pressures up to 760 bar in deep water drilling fluids[J]. Energy & fuels, 2010, 24(5): 3003-3013.Google Scholar ↗
Lee J D, Englezos P. Unusual kinetic inhibitor effects on gas hydrate formation[J]. Chemical engineering science, 2006, 61(5): 1368-1376.Google Scholar ↗
Heidaryan E, Salarabadi A, Moghadasi J, et al. A new high performance gas hydrate inhibitor[J]. Journal of natural gas chemistry, 2010, 19(3): 323-326.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-1] Sloan Jr E D. Fundamental principles and applications of natural gas hydrates[J]. Nature, 2003, 426(6964): 353-359.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-2] Vedachalam N, Srinivasalu S, Rajendran G, et al. Review of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in major energy consuming countries and efforts in realizing natural gas hydrates as a future source of energy[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 26: 163-175.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Koh C A, Sum A K, Sloan E D. State of the art: Natural gas hydrates as a natural resource[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2012, 8: 132-138.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Milkov A V. Global estimates of hydrate-bound gas in marine sediments: how much is really out there?[J]. Earth-science reviews, 2004, 66(3-4): 183-197.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Collett T, Bahk J J, Baker R, et al. Methane Hydrates in Nature Current Knowledge and Challenges[J]. Journal of chemical & engineering data, 2015, 60(2): 319-329.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Song Y, Yang L, Zhao J, et al. The status of natural gas hydrate research in China: A review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 31: 778-791.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Sun W, Wei N, Zhao J, et al. Imitating possible consequences of drilling through marine hydrate reservoir[J]. Energy, 2022, 239: 121802.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Makogon Y F. Natural gas hydrates–A promising source of energy[J]. Journal of natural gas science and engineering, 2010, 2(1): 49-59.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Ruppel W F W C D, Lorenson L G B T D, McMullen B J B K Y, et al. Preliminary global database of known and inferred gas hydrate locations[J]. 2020.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Sloan Jr E D, Koh C A. Clathrate hydrates of natural gases[M]. CRC press, 2007.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Carroll J. Natural gas hydrates: a guide for engineers[M]. Gulf Professional Publishing, 2020.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Pei J, Wei N, Zhang B, et al. Imitating the effects of drilling fluid invasion on the strength behaviors of hydrate-bearing sediments: An experimental study[J]. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022, 10: 994602.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Boswell R, Collett T S. Current perspectives on gas hydrate resources[J]. Energy & environmental science, 2011, 4(4): 1206-1215.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Wei N, Sun W, Meng Y, et al. Multiphase non equilibrium pipe flow behaviors in the solid fluidization exploitation of marine natural gas hydrate reservoir[J]. Energy Science & Engineering, 2018, 6(6): 760-782.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Koh C A, Sum A K, Sloan E D. State of the art: Natural gas hydrates as a natural resource[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2012, 8: 132-138.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Yin Z, Linga P. Methane hydrates: A future clean energy resource[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(9): 2026-2036.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Bai Y. Subsea pipelines and risers[M]. Elsevier Ltd, 2005.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] HU Youlin, ZHANG Yan, WU Bin, et al. Research progress of drilling fluids for offshore deepwater drilling[J]. Drilling and Completion Fluids,2004,(06):52-54+85.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-19] WU Hua, ZOU Deyong, YU Shouping. Formation of natural gas hydrate in the sea and its impact on drilling engineering[J]. Oil Drilling Technology,2007,(03):91-93.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-20] Szamałek K. International research project on gas hydrates: Hydrates in Oceans—Programme of Exploration (HOPE)[J]. Przegląd Geologiczny, 2004, 52(8/2): 813-816.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] Hammerschmidt E G. Formation of gas hydrates in natural gas transmission lines[J]. Industrial & engineering chemistry, 1934, 26(8): 851-855.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Iro N, Gautier D, Hersant F, et al. An interpretation of the nitrogen deficiency in comets[J]. Icarus, 2003, 161(2): 511-532.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-23] R. Rahimiyan, Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research, 2021, 2, 95-112.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-24] Bozorgian A, Ghazinezhad M. A case study on causes of scale formation-induced damage in boiler tubes[J]. J. Biochem. Tech, 2018, 2: 149-153.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-25] M. Amirikoshkeki, Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research. 2021, 2, 170-178.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-26] Sadr M B, Bozorgian A. An overview of gas overflow in gaseous hydrates[J]. Journal of Chemical Reviews, 2021, 3(1): 66-82.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-27] Bozorgian A. Investigation of Hydrate Formation Kinetics and Mechanism of Effect of Inhibitors on it, a Review[J]. on the surface, 2021, 16: 20.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-28] Kayedi N, Samimi A, Bajgirani M A, et al. Enhanced oxidative desulfurization of model fuel: A comprehensive experimental study[J]. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 35: 153-158.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-29] Kazemabadi F Z, Heydarinasab A, Akbarzadehkhiyavi A, et al. Chemical Methodologies[J]. 2020.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-30] Bozorgian A, Samimi A. A review of Kinetics of Hydrate Formation and the Mechanism of the Effect of the inhibitors on it[J]. International Journal of New Chemistry, 2021, 8(1): 41-58.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-31] BAI Xiaodong,HUANG Jinjun,HOU Qinli. Analysis of the causes of gas hydrate in deepwater drilling fluids and its prevention and control measures[J]. Progress of Fine Petrochemicals,2004,(04):52-54+58.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-32] Lekvam K, Ruoff P. A reaction kinetic mechanism for methane hydrate formation in liquid water[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1993, 115(19): 8565-8569.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-33] Sloan Jr E D, Koh C A. Clathrate hydrates of natural gases[M]. CRC press, 2007.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-34] Makogon Y F, Makogon T Y, Holditch S A. Gas hydrate formation and dissociation with thermodynamic and kinetic inhibitors[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition?. SPE, 1999: SPE-56568-MS.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-35] Lee J D, Englezos P. Enhancement of the performance of gas hydrate kinetic inhibitors with polyethylene oxide[J]. Chemical engineering science, 2005, 60(19): 5323-5330.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-36] Kelland M A, Iversen J E. Kinetic hydrate inhibition at pressures up to 760 bar in deep water drilling fluids[J]. Energy & fuels, 2010, 24(5): 3003-3013.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-37] Lee J D, Englezos P. Unusual kinetic inhibitor effects on gas hydrate formation[J]. Chemical engineering science, 2006, 61(5): 1368-1376.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-38] Heidaryan E, Salarabadi A, Moghadasi J, et al. A new high performance gas hydrate inhibitor[J]. Journal of natural gas chemistry, 2010, 19(3): 323-326.Google Scholar ↗