Agronomic Practices of the Haor Farmers to Combat Climate Stresses On Mustard Production
Downloads
Mustard cultivation in Bangladesh, particularly in the ecologically fragile Hakaluki haor region faces severe challenges of erratic rainfall, drought, hailstorms, and insect-pest infestation. As a result, germination, vegetative growth and yield of mustard are severely affected almost every year. In this context, the study aimed to identify the major climate stresses on mustard production and their ways out. The study was conducted in five different villages of Hakaluki haor under Uttar Fenchuganj union in Sylhet district. A total of 99 farmers were randomly selected as the sample for the study from a population of 250 farmers who were interviewed using a pre-tested interview schedule from January to February 2024. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Ms-Excel. Findings revealed that mustard cultivation was hampered in two phases-at the germination phase and at the vegetative growth of its life cycle. Germination was frequently failed either by excessive soil moisture due to un-time rainfall or by in-sufficient soil moisture due to drought. On the other hand, vegetative growth was affected by hailstorm, water logging, and insect-disease infestation. Germination problem due to insufficient soil moisture was resolved by choosing alluvial soils by 60% cases because of its higher water holding capacity while, 36% had opted well drained but water source adjacent lands and 44% had fixed it by watering the soils. Adjusting of sowing time was practiced by 75% of the respondents to minimize effects of heavy rainfall on germination and hail storms on vegetative growth of mustard. Overwhelming majority of the respondents (83%) had chemical measures against insect-pests infestation while only 20% tried to mitigate this problem through well tilling of the soils. Coefficients of correlation suggested that all these coping strategies were significantly associated with the occupation, age, education level, farm size, perception and farming experience of the respondents. However, the major problems faced by them were limited access to improved seeds, inadequate irrigation facilities, high input costs, and lack of technical knowledge
Downloads
1. Ahatsham, M., Singh, S., & Dagar, C. S. (2018). Heat Use Efficiency of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) at Different Phenophases in Western Haryana, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(06): 1977–1981.
2. Alam, M.Z., Islam, M.S., and Kabir, M.H., 2018. Problems faced by the bean farmer in selected areas of Pabna district in Bangladesh. Research in Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, 5 (1), Pp. 11–18.
3. Amin, M.A., Bashar, M.A., Akhter, N., Afroj, M., Islam, M.Z., Rahman, M.M., and Baque, M.A., 2016. Constraints faced by the farmers in IPM practices in rice cultivation. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 4 (1), Pp. 245–250.
4. Ajewole, O. C., Abdu-Raheem, K. A., & Fadumila, A. L. (2023). Farmers’ perception of climate variability effects on arable crop productivity in Ondo State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 9(3): 65–74.
5. Akanksha, Srivastava, K., Srivastava, A., & Sinha, B. (2020). Analysis of Drought Susceptibility Index in Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss]. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Of.
6. Alamgir, M. S., Furuya, J., Kobayashi, S., Mostafiz, R. B., & Ahmed, M. R. (2020). Farm income, inequality, and poverty among farm families of a flood-prone area in Bangladesh: climate change vulnerability assessment. GeoJournal, 86(6): 2861–2885.
7. Awazi, N. P., & Quandt, A. (2021). Livelihood resilience to environmental changes in areas of Kenya and Cameroon: a comparative analysis. Climatic Change, 165(1–2).
8. Bashar, M.A., 2006. Problem Confrontation of the Farmers in Mushroom Cultivation.M.S. (Agril Ext. Edu.) Thesis, Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
9. Bhanwaria, R., Singh, B., & Musarella, C. M. (2022). Effect of organic manure and moisture regimes on soil physiochemical properties, microbial biomass CMIC:NMIC:PMIC turnover and yield of mustard grains in arid climate. Plants, 11(6): 722.
10. Chandel, R. S., Verma, K. S., Rana, A., Sanjta, S., Badiyala, A., Vashisth, S., Kumar, R., & Baloda, A. S. (2021). The ecology and management of cutworms in India. Oriental Insects, 56(2): 245–270.
11. Choudhary, M., Rana, K. S., Bana, R. S., Parihar, C. M., & Kantwa, S. R. (2021). Conservation agriculture practices and sulphur fertilization effects on productivity and resource-use efficiency of rainfed mustard (Brassica juncea). The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 91(1).
12. Deb, B., Islam, M.A., 2023. Determinants of training need of the pineapple growers for boosting production in hilly areas of Sreemangal Upazila under Moulvibazar district. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 20 (2), Pp. 14–25.
13. Dey, N. C., Parvez, M., & Islam, M. R. (2021). A study on the impact of the 2017 early monsoon flash flood: Potential measures to safeguard livelihoods from extreme climate events in the haor area of Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 59: 102247.
14. Gupta, A. K., Raj, R., Kumari, K., Singh, S. P., Solanki, I. S., & Choudhary, R. (2016). Management of major diseases of Indian mustard through balanced fertilization, cultural practices and fungicides in calcareous soils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B Biological Sciences, 88(1): 229–239.
15. Hossain, M. S. (2019). Climate change affects wetland resources in Bangladesh: A case study on Hakaluki Haor. Scientific Research Journal, 10(1): 37.
16. Islam, M.A., Simoon, G.H., Deb, B., 2023. Factors Affecting the Yield Gap of Brinjal Grown in Jhikargacha Upazila under Jashore District, Bangladesh. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 21 (2),
17. Kaur, H. (2022). Terminal heat stress modulates growing degree days, heat use efficiency and yield stability index in brassica juncea. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 24(3): 415–423.
18. Khan, A. M. Z. H., Mir, S. S. P. S. H., Maqbool, K. R. S., & Kant, R. H. (2021). Larval Biology of Black Cutworm Agrotis ipsilon on Maize in Kashmir. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 10(2): 3382–3388.
19. Khan, M. H., Kundu, B. C., Uddin, M. S., Islam, M. R., Aktar-Uz-Zaman, M., Ahmed, M., Uddin, R., Islam, M. R., Das, A. K., & Rahman, M. G. (2023). Yield potency assessment and characters association of promising lines of mustard (Brassica rapa L.) in southern region of Bangladesh. Advances in Modern Agriculture, 4(2): 2216.
20. Kumar, H., Singh, S., & Yadav, A. (2022). Estimation of avoidable yield losses in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) due to mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) in Rewari district, Haryana, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(3): 914–920.
21. Kumar, K. K., & Moharaj, P. (2023). Farm size and productivity relationship among the farming communities in India. Outlook on Agriculture, 52(2): 212–227.
22. Kumawat, P., Ram, M., Kumar, P., Kumari, V., & Khedwal, R. S. (2024). Maximizing productivity, profitability and water use efficiency in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) through hydrogel and salicylic acid. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 94(2): 145–149.
23. Lewandrowski, W., Erickson, T. E., Dixon, K. W., & Stevens, J. C. (2016). Increasing the germination envelope under water stress improves seedling emergence in two dominant grass species across different pulse rainfall events. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54(3): 997–1007.
24. Mashuri, M. (2023). Smart urban farming based on internet of things using soil moisture control and application of liquid fertilizer to mustard. IPTEK Journal of Engineering, 9(3): 88.
25. Ndiwa, A. M., Mburu, J., Mulwa, R., & Chumo, C. (2024). Determinants of climate change adaptation strategies and intensity of use; micro level evidence from crop farmers in Kenya. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8.
26. Niwas, R., & Khichar, M. L. (2016). Managing impact of climatic vagaries on the productivity of wheat and mustard in India. MAUSAM, 67(1): 205–222.
27. Phiri, A., Chipeta, G. T., & Chawinga, W. D. (2018). Information needs and barriers of rural smallholder farmers in developing countries. Information Development, 35(3): 421–434.
28. Rahman, H. T., Robinson, B. E., Ford, J. D., & Hickey, G. M. (2018). How do capital asset interactions affect livelihood sensitivity to climatic stresses? Insights from the northeastern floodplains of Bangladesh. Ecological Economics, 150: 165–176.
29. Rani, P., Rani, J., Mittal, A., & Sheoran, N. (2024). Assessment of Drought Tolerance of Two Cultivars of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) Using Morphological and Physiological Parameters. Archives of Current Research International, 24(5): 437–450.
30. Saha, S., Banerjee, S., & Rahman, F. (2023). Assessing the impact of temperature and rainfall on mustard yield through detrended production index. MAUSAM, 74(4): 921–928.
31. Saini, P. K., Yadav, R., & Pratap, M. (2017). Effect of Foliar Application of GA3, on Yield and Quality of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.] Under Sodic Soil. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(12); 4156–4159.
32. Samanta, S., Maji, A., Das, M., Banerjee, S., Bhattacharjee, A., Pal, N., Bhowmik, P., Banerjee, S., & Mukherjee, S. (2024). An updated Integrated Pest Management System: a footprint for Modern-Day sustainable agricultural practices. Uttar pradesh journal of zoology, 45(8); 71–79.
33. Singh, S. K., Saxena, R., Porwal, A., Neetu, N., & Ray, S. S. (2017). Assessment of hailstorm damage in wheat crop using remote sensing. Current Science, 112(10): 2095.
34. Singh, S. P., Mahapatra, B., Pramanick, B., & Yadav, V. R. (2020). Effect of irrigation levels, planting methods and mulching on nutrient uptake, yield, quality, water and fertilizer productivity of field mustard (Brassica rapa L.) under sandy loam soil. Agricultural Water Management, 244: 106539.
35. Sudadi, S. (2024). The use of biofilm biofertilizer to increase smart farming system in mustard yield and improve soil physical properties of vertisols. Journal of Smart Agriculture and Environmental Technology, 2(1): 30–35.
36. Uddin, M.N., Kabir, K.H., Roy, D., Hasan, T., Sarker, A., and Dunn, E.S., 2021. Understanding the constraints and its related factors in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fish culture at farm level: A case from Bangladesh. Aquaculture, 530, Pp. 735927.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Fahim Faisal, Mohammad Ashraful Islam, Zasia Sultana, Rakibul Alim

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.