A Study of The Influence of People and Culture On The Acceptance Of The Smart Factory System In PT. XYZ Group Company Using The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Aji Nugroho; Rina Djunita Pasaribu

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v13i07.em12

Abstract

This paper examines the people and cultural factors that may influence employee acceptance of the smart factory system at PT. XYZ Group company in order to support the achievement of INDI4.0 certification. A questionnaire was developed based on the extended technology acceptance model (TAM). A total sample of 407 employees involved both shopfloor and backoffice employees who interact directly with the smart factory system. After conducting reliability and validity checks, the hypothesized model was estimated using structural equation modeling. The findings of this study revealed that perceived ease of use (PEOU), culture (C), and facilitating conditions (FC) were significant determinants of behavioral intention (BI) and use (AU) of the smart factory system. While perceived usefulness (PU), perceived quality of work life (QWL), and computer self-efficacy (SE) did not have a significant effect..

Keywords

Industry 4.0People and CultureTechnology Acceptance Model

References

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[refR-1] Andrew, Anthony., (2015), The Influence of Organization Culture on Employee Readiness for Organizational Change, e-ISSN: 2348-795X, Volume 03 Issue 05, http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/IJR/ P, Srilanka : IJRGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-2] Azahari, M. H., Ismail, A. I., & Susanto, S. A., (2019), The Significance of Photographic Education in the Contemporary Creative Industry 4.0., ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-7S2, May 2019, Malaysia : IJITEEGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Butt, Javaid., (2020), A Strategic Roadmap for the Manufacturing Industry to Implement Industry 4.0, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK : MDPIGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Buyle, Raf., Van Compernolle, Mathias., Vlassenroot, Eveline., Vanlishout, Ziggy., Mechant, Peter., Mannens, Erik., “Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model” as a Predictor for the Use Intention of Data Standards in Smart Cities, in Media and Communication 2018 : Volume 6 : Issue 4 : Pages 127–139Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Duttaa , Gautam., Kumarb , Ravinder., Sindhwanic, Rahul., Kr. Singhd, Rajesh., (2022), Overcoming the barriers of effective implementation of manufacturing execution system in pursuit of smart manufacturing in SMEs, Management Development Institute, Gurgaon-122001, India : ElsevierGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Faculty of Science & Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University., (2020), A Strategic Roadmap for the Manufacturing Industry to Implement Industry 4.0, Designs 2020, 4, 11; doi:10.3390/designs4020011, Chelmsford, UK : MDPIDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Fernando, Geovanni., Paula, Luciano Barcellos., (2023), Mediating Effect of the Adoption of Industry 4.0 Technologies on the Relationship between Job Involvement and Job Performance of Millennials, https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13070159, Peru : MDPIDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Frank, A.G., Dalenogare, L.S., Ayala, N.F., (2019). Industry 4.0 technologies: implementation patterns in manufacturing companies, International Journal of Production Economics, in press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.01.004DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Gebhardt, J., Grimm, A., & Neugebauer, L. M. (2015). Developments 4.0 Prospects on future requirements and impacts on work and vocational education. Journal of Technical Education, 3(2), 117-133.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Godoe, Preben., Johansen, Trond Stillaug., (2012), Understanding adoption of new technologies: Technology readiness and technology acceptance as an integrated concept., in Journal of European Psychology Students, Vol. 3, 2012., Norway : efpsaGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Ghislieri, C., Molino, M., & Cortese, C. G. (2018). Work and Organizational Psychology looks at the Fourth Industrial Revolution: How to support workers and organizations?. Frontiers in psychology, 9Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Hansen, Andreas Kornmaaler., Lassen, Astrid Heidemann., Larsen, Maria Stoettrup Schioenning., Sorensen, Daniel G. H., (2022), Competence Considerations for Industry 4.0 and Future Trends, Aalborg University, Denmark, In book: The Future of Smart Production for SMEs (pp.379-389)Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Hasbullaha, Hasbullah., Bareduan, Salleh Ahmad., Hasibuana, Sawarni., (2021), Developing I4.0 Readiness Index for Factory Operation in Indonesia to Enhance INDI 4.0, at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354231743Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Hsu, Hsuan-Yu., Liu, Feng-Hsu., Tsou, Hung-Tai., Chen, Lu-Jui., (2018), Openness of technology adoption, top management support and service innovation: a social innovation perspective, https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-03-2017-0068, Wenzhou, China : emeraldinsightDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Jr Davis, Fred D., (1985), A Technology Acceptance Model For Empirically Testing New End User Information System, USAGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-16] José I. Rojas-Méndez A. Parasuraman Nicolas Papadopoulos , (2017), Demographics, attitudes, and technology readiness A cross-cultural analysis and model validation , Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 35 Iss 1 pp. 18 - 39, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MIP-08-2015-0163, USA : emeraldinsightDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Kalambo, Yohanis., Anggiani, Sarfilianty., Usman, Bahtiar., (2024), The Influence of Technology Readiness, Strategic Leadership, and Organizational Change on Organizational Performance in the Indonesian Navy, in https://doi.org/10.54099/aijbs.v4i1.936, Jakarta, Indonesia : ADPEBIDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Kawung, George M. V., Mintardjo, Christoffel M. O., Rompas, Wensy F. I., Rogi, Mirah H.,(2022), Digital Technology Transformation of SMEs: Indonesian Case Study, https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v1i6.948, Manado, Indonesia : e-PalliDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

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[refR-21] Leea, Y. Tina., Kumaragurub , Senthilkumaran., Jainc, Sanjay., Robinsond , Stefanie., Helua, Moneer., (2017), A Classification Scheme for Smart Manufacturing Systems’ Performance Metrics, in Smart Sustain Manuf Syst. 2017 February ; 1(1): 52–74. doi:10.1520/SSMS20160012DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Le, Lan Thi Ngoc., Jeenanunta, Chawalit., Ueki, Yasushi., Intalar, Nuchjarin., Komolavanij, Somrote., (2024), The Role of Managerial Competencies in Driving Industry 4.0 Adoption: A Comparative Study of Thailand and Vietnam’s Manufacturing Sectors, Sustainability 2025, 17, 77, https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010077, Thailand : MDPIDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-23] Machadoa, Carla Gonçalves., Winrotha, Mats., Carlssonb, Dan., Almströma, Peter., Centerholtb, Victor.,Hallin, Malin., (2019), Industry 4.0 readiness in manufacturing companies: challenges and enablers towards increased digitalization., Gothenburg, Sweden : ElsevierGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-24] Mana, Renato., Cesar, Francisco Ignácio Giocondo., Makiya, Ieda Kanashiro., Volpe, Waini., (2016), The Concept Of The Industry 4.0 In German Multinational Intrumentation And Control Company : A Case Study Of A Subsidiary In Brazil, DOI: 10.14807/ijmp.v9i3.665, BrazilDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-25] Nafchi, Majid Ziaei., Mohelská, Hana., (2020), Organizational Culture as an Indication of Readiness to Implement Industry 4.0.,Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic : MDPIGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-26] Norman, Ferly., Alamsjah, Firdaus., (2020), Key Factors to Promote Industry 4.0 Readiness at Indonesian Textile and Clothing Firm, Vol.2 No.2 May 2020: 73-83, Jakarta, Indonesia : (Engineering, MAthematics and Computer Science)Google Scholar ↗

[refR-27] Nagy, J., Oláh, J., Erdei, E., Máté, D., & Popp, J. (2018). The role and impact of industry 4.0 and the internet of things on the business strategy of the value chain-the case of hungary. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103491DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-28] Nasution, Reza Ashari., Rusnandi, Linda Sendy Lediana., Qodariah, Elis., Arnita, Devi., Windasari, Nila Armelia., (2018), The Evaluation of Digital Readiness Concept: Existing Models and Future Directions, Bandung, Indonesia : The Asian Journal of Technology Management Vol. 11 No. 2 (2018): 94-117Google Scholar ↗

[refR-29] ÖZŞEKER, Demet BAĞIRAN., KURGUN, Hülya, YOZCU, Özen KIRANT., (2022), The Effect of Service Employees’ Technology Readiness on Technology Acceptance, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, DOI:10.21325/jotags.2022.1028, Turkey : JOTAGSDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-30] Prakosa, Bayu Giri., Guritno, Danur Condro., Anindita, Theresia., Kurniawan, Mahrus., Nugroho, Ahmad Cahyo.,(2024) , Correlation among components of the Indonesian industry readiness index 4.0 and its implementation on socioeconomic along with the demographic aspects, Jakarta, Vol. 3 No. 3, 2024 pp. 296-309 : Emerald Publishing LimitedGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-31] Rafiah, Kurnia Khafidhatur., Widianto, Sunu., Kamal, Irsyad., Shofiana, Amaliya., Fajar, A. Malik., Rudini, Agung Anggara., Digital Readiness of SMES : An Insight From Indonesia, https://journal.afebi.org/index.php/ambr/article/view/517, Bandung, Indonesia : AFEBIGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-32] Rauch, Erwin., Dallasega, Patrick., Unterhofer, Marco., (2019), Requirements and Barriers for Introducing Smart Manufacturing in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, IEEE DOI 10.1109/EMR.2019.2931564DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-33] Reisberger, Tobias., Reisberger, Philip., Copuš, Lukáš., Madzík, Peter., Lukáš, Falát ., (2023), The Linkage Between Digital Transformation and Organizational Culture: Novel Machine Learning Literature Review Based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02027-3DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-34] Rojko, Andreja., (2017), Industry 4.0 Concept: Background and Overview, https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i5.7072, GermanyDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-35] Saf’ani, Faiz., Ratnawati, Intan., (2021), Analisis pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui variable kesiapan untuk berubah sebagai variable intervening dalam menghadapi revolusi industry 4.0, Jurnal Studi Manajemen Organisasi Vol 18 No 2 (2021), [Online] : https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/smo/article/view/39167Google Scholar ↗

[refR-36] Suharman., Murti, Hari Wisnu., (2019), Kajian Industri 4.0 untuk penerapannya di Indonesia, DOI:10.30988/jmil.v3i1.59, available at : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333484172_KAJIAN_INDUSTRI_40_UNTUK_PENERAPANNYA_DI_INDONESIA, [01 Oktober 2024)DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-37] Sayekti, Andita., Suhariadi, Fendy., Herachwati, Nuri., (2023), Evaluation of Human Resources Pillars in Industry Readiness Index to Transform towards Industry 4.0, https://doi.org/10.31098/bmss.v3i3.697, Surabaya, IndonesiaDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-38] Schumacher, Andreas., Erolb, Selim., Sihn, Wilfried.,(2016), A maturity model for assessing Industry 4.0 readiness and maturity of manufacturing enterprises., Vienna, Austria : ElsevierGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-39] Shahzad, F. (2014). Impact of organizational culture on employees’ job performance: An empirical study of software houses in Pakistan. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 24(3), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCoMA-07-2012-0046DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-40] Shinoharam Ana Carolina., da Silva, Elias Hans Dener Ribeiro., de Lima, Edson Pinheiro., Deschamps, Fernando., (2017), Critical Success Factors for Digital Manufacturing Implementation in the Context of Industry 4.0, [Online]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319830521_Critical_Success_Factors_for_Digital_Manufacturing_Implementation_in_the_Context_of_Industry_40 (01 Oktober 2024)Google Scholar ↗

[refR-41] Silva, V. L., Kovaleski, J. L., Pagani, R. N. 2019a. Technology Transfer and Human Capital in the Industrial 4.0 Scenario: A Theoretical Study. Future Studies Research Journal: Trends and Strategies, 11(1).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-42] Ślusarczyk, B. (2018). Industry 4.0 – Are we ready? Polish Journal of Management Studies, 17(1), 232–248. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2018.17.1.19DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-43] Sony, M., & Trstenjak, M., & Cosic, P. (2017). Process planning in Industry 4.0 environment. Procedia Manufacturing, 11, 1744-1750.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-44] Sony, M., & Naik, S. (2019). Key ingredients for evaluating Industry 4.0 readiness for organizations: a literature review. Benchmarking, October. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-09-2018-0284DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-45] Westjohn., Stanford A., Mark, J. Arnold., Magnusson, Peter., Zdravkovic, Srdan., Zhou, Joyce Xin., (2008), Technology readiness and usage: a global-identity perspective, DOI 10.1007/s11747-008-0130-0, USA : Springer 31st October 2023.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗