Abstract
Companies that only focus on the fundamentals of financial reporting will fall short in today's competitive and uncertain market climate. Non-financial performance data, which may be used to measure a company's long-term financial health, is missing from the current financial report. To address the issue, the Integrated Reporting Framework has been developed by IIRC. The aim of the study is to determine to what extent the annual reports of the SMEs reflect the elements of Integrated Reporting. All the SMEs listed on the Dhaka and Chittagong stock exchanges have been considered and their annual reports have been analysed to assess the level of disclosure being made following the Integrated Reporting framework. The findings reveal that SMEs listed on the stock exchanges in Bangladesh are sluggish to embrace IR due to limited resources, culture and leadership, stakeholder demand, regulatory requirements, lack of awareness about IR, and the nature of their business. Thus, SMEs' annual reports in Bangladesh contain very little information about the elements mentioned by IR. However, Bangladeshi SMEs are likely to benefit greatly in terms of long-term viability and value generation as a result of the holistic concept that IR seeks to build.
Keywords
References
- Abeywardana, N. L. E. (2016). Compliance of integrated reporting disclosures with the international framework of integrated reporting – analysis of quoted public banking companies in Sri Lanka. The International Journal of Business & Management, 4(3), 342–349.Google Scholar ↗
- Adams, C., Hill, W. Y. and Roberts. (1998). “Corporate Social Reporting Practices in Western Europe: Legitimating Corporate Behaviour?” British Accounting Review, 30:1-21.Google Scholar ↗
- Ahmed Haji, A., & Anifowose, M. (2016). Audit committee and integrated reporting practice: does inter- nal assurance matter? Managerial Auditing Journal, 31(8/9), 915–948.Google Scholar ↗
- Alam, S. A., Inchauste, G., & Serajuddin, U. (2017). The Distributional Impact of Fiscal Policy in .JordanGoogle Scholar ↗
- Albetairi, H. T. A., Kukreja, G., & Hamdan, A. (2018). Integrated reporting and financial performance: Empirical evidences from Bahraini listed insurance companies. Accounting Finance Res, 7, .110–102Google Scholar ↗
- Bananuka, J., Tumwebaze, Z., & Orobia, L. (2019). The adoption of integrated reporting: A developing country perspective. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 17(1), 2–23.Google Scholar ↗
- Brilius, P. (2010). Economic crisis and SMEs sustainability policies: Applications of emotional well- being function for analysis. Journal of Advanced Research in Management (JARM), (1), (I), 18-29.Google Scholar ↗
- Druckman, P. (2011). SMP Comment Letter – IIRC Discussion Paper.Google Scholar ↗
- Du Toit, E., Van Zyl, R., & Schütte, G. (2017). Integrated reporting by South African companies: a case study. Meditari Accountancy Research, 25(4), 654–674.Google Scholar ↗
- Eccles, R. G., & Saltzman, D. (2011). Achieving Sustainability Through Integrated Reporting. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 9(3), 56-61.Google Scholar ↗
- Eccles, R. G., Krzus, M. P., & Serafeim, G. (2011). Market Interest in Nonfinancial Information. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 23(4), 113-127.Google Scholar ↗
- Eccles, R. G., Krzus, M. P., & Solano, C. (2019). A Comparative Analysis of Integrated Reporting in Ten .Countries.Google Scholar ↗
- Ernst & Young (EY). (2012). Driving value by combining financial and non- financial information into a single, investor-grade document. Retrieved from http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/5-Insights-Driving- value/$File/Driving-value-single-investor-grade-document.pdfGoogle Scholar ↗
- Ghani, E. & Said, J. (2010). Digital reporting practices among Malaysian local authorities. Electronic Journal of e-Government, 8(1), 33-44.Google Scholar ↗
- Guthrie, J. and I. Abeysekera, 2006. Content analysis of social, environmental reporting: What is new? Journal of Human Resource Costing &Google Scholar ↗
- Hossain, D.M., A. Salat and Al-Amin, 2016. Integrated report an emerging trend in corporate reporting. The Bangladesh Accountant, April-June: 105-110. Retrieved from http://www.icab.org.bd/webNewsEventNoticeCir/view/13839.Google Scholar ↗
- Idoko, E. C., Nkamnebe, A. D., and Amobi, D. S. (2013). Public Policy and SMEs' Adoption of Environmental Sustainability Orientation in Enugu, Nigeria. African Journal of Business & Economic Research, 8(1).Google Scholar ↗
- IIRC, 2013. International <IR> framework. International Integrated Reporting Council. Retrieved from https://integratedreporting.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12-12-08-THEINTERNATIONAL-IR-FRAMEWORK- 2-1.pdf.Google Scholar ↗
- Kılıç, M., & Kuzey, C. (2018). Assessing current company reports according to the IIRC integrated reporting framework. Meditari Accountancy ResearchGoogle Scholar ↗
- Lipunga, A. M. (2015). Integrated reporting in developing countries: Evidence from Malawi. Journal of Management Research, 7(3), 130–156.Google Scholar ↗
- Loprevite, S., Ricca, B., & Rupo, D. (2018). Performance sustainability and integrated reporting: Empirical evidence from mandatory and voluntary adoption contexts. Sustainability, 10(5), 1351.Google Scholar ↗
- Magarey, G. (2012). Is Integrated Reporting Achievable? Keeping Good Companies, 198-202.Google Scholar ↗
- Manes-Rossi, F., Tiron-Tudor, A., Nicolò, G., & Zanellato, G. (2018). Ensuring more sustainable reporting in Europe using non-financial disclosure—De facto and de jure evidence. Sustainability, 10(4), .1162Google Scholar ↗
- Marianne, L. J. (2013). Sustainability and Integrated Reporting: Opportunities and Strategies for Small and Mid-size Companies. Entrepreneurial Executive, 18, 17- 28.Google Scholar ↗
- Mertins, K. and Orth, R. (2011). Integrating Intellectual Capital and Sustainability Management: Perspectives for the Internal Management and External Reporting in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises, Proceedings of the European Conference on Intellectual Capital, Conference paper.527-536.Google Scholar ↗
- Mertins, K., Kohl, H. and Orth, R. (2012). Integrated Reporting and Integrated Thinking–A Resource oriented Perspective. NBA (2012), Duurzaamondernemen, MVO voormkb-accountants.Google Scholar ↗
- Mohammad, N(2019) “Integrated Reporting Practice and Disclosure in Bangladesh’s Banking Sectors” , ISSN 2597–6214 | e–ISSN 2597–6222 http://unpas.id/index.php/ijsamGoogle Scholar ↗
- Nakib & Day (2018) “The Journey Towards Integrated Reporting In Bangladesh”, ISSN(p): 2305-2147, Vol. 8, No. 7, 894-913Google Scholar ↗
- Oprişor T. (2014). The integrated reporting framework: between challenge and innovation. Network Intelligence Studies, 1(3), 85-Availablehttp://www.nis.bxb.ro/Article/NISGoogle Scholar ↗
- Pistoni, A., Songini, L., & Bavagnoli, F. (2018). Integrated reporting quality: an empirical analysis. Cor- porate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(4), 489–507.Google Scholar ↗
- Prinsloo, A. (2012). Integrated Reporting for SMEs in Africa. SAIPA National Conference.Google Scholar ↗
- S. Islam (2020) “Investigating the relationship between integrated reporting and firm performance in a voluntary disclosure regime: insights from Bangladesh”, Vol. 6 No. 2, 2021pp. 228-245 , Asian Journal of Accounting Research.Google Scholar ↗
- Serafeim, G. (2015). Integrated reporting and investor clientele. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 27(2), 34–51.Google Scholar ↗
- Sierra-Garcia, L., Garcia-Benau, M., & Bollas-Araya, H. (2018). Empirical analysis of non-financial reporting by Spanish companies. Administrative Sciences, 8(3), 29.Google Scholar ↗
- Sofian, I., & Dumitru, M. (2017). The compliance of the integrated reports issued by European financial companies with the international integrated reporting framework. Sustainability, 9(8), 1319.Google Scholar ↗
- Świderska, G. K., & Raulinajtys-Grzybek, M. (2017). Practical use of the integrated reporting frame- work–an analysis of the content of integrated reports of selected companies. Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości, 94(150)Google Scholar ↗