Abstract

This study aims to analyze the differences in knowledge and skills of pregnant women before and after intervention using the "Kawara Angi" method in the Bolo Community Health Center Working Area, Bima Regency. Referring to the increasing prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and its impact on maternal and infant health, this study emphasizes the importance of health education for pregnant women. The study design used a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test approach involving 60 respondents, divided into two groups: intervention and control. The intervention group received interactive education through discussions and demonstrations of skills, while the control group only received an information booklet. The analysis results showed a significant increase in knowledge and skills in the intervention group. The average knowledge increased from 1.50 to 2.27 (p < 0.001), while skills increased from 1.33 to 2.13 (p < 0.001). In contrast, the control group only showed a small increase in knowledge and skills. These findings indicate that interactive education methods, accompanied by direct practice, are effective in increasing the capacity of pregnant women to recognize and prevent GDM. This increase in knowledge and skills is expected to contribute to reducing the risk of complications during pregnancy and improving maternal health in Bima Regency. This study emphasizes the need to integrate practice-based educational programs into maternal health services to help mothers adapt effectively to the health changes that occur during pregnancy. It is recommended that similar efforts continue to ensure the sustainability of effective health education for pregnant women and improve overall public health.

Keywords

  • Knowledge
  • Skills
  • Pregnant Women
  • Bolo Community Health Center

References

  1. Sharma S, Smith H. The impact of structured maternal education on knowledge and health behaviors: A systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):744–52.
  2. Hasanah N, Widodo A. The effectiveness of interpersonal communication in health education for pregnant women. J Health Educ. 2023;12(2):55–63.
  3. Laksmi N, Dewi R, Putra IM. Structured antenatal education improves maternal knowledge and preparedness: A quasi-experimental study. Midwifery. 2023;124:104–21.
  4. Indrawati S, Puspitasari D. Comparison of knowledge improvement among pregnant women with and without health education intervention. J Indonesian Midwifery. 2022;11(3):210–7.
  5. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
  6. Fitriani N, Rahayu T, Sulastri D. The effect of prenatal care skills training on improving the abilities of pregnant women. Indonesian Midwifery Journal. 2024;13(2):75–82.
  7. Notoatmodjo S. Health Promotion and Health Behavior. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2018.
  8. Lestari D, Wahyuni S. The effectiveness of group-based prenatal exercise training on improving the skills of pregnant women. Indonesian Journal of Reproductive Health. 2023;9(1):33–41.
  9. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian Health Profile 2023. Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia; 2023.
  10. Sugiyono. Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods. Bandung: Alfabeta; 2023.
  11. Rahmawati D, Setyaningsih R, Nurhaliza S. The effectiveness of audiovisual-based health education on increasing pregnant women's knowledge about healthy pregnancy. Indonesian Midwifery Journal. 2024;13(1):45–52.
  12. Lestari D, Wahyuni S. The effectiveness of group-based prenatal exercise training on improving the skills of pregnant women. Indonesian Journal of Reproductive Health. 2023;9(1):33–41.
  13. Notoatmodjo S. Health Promotion and Health Behavior. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2018.
  14. Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2024.
  15. Notoatmodjo S. Health Promotion and Health Behavior. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2018.
  16. Rahmawati D, Setyaningsih R, Nurhaliza S. The effectiveness of audiovisual-based health education on increasing pregnant women's knowledge about Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Indonesian Midwifery Journal. 2024;13(1):45–52.
  17. Lestari D, Wahyuni S. Practice-based educational training to improve the skills of pregnant women in preventing gestational diabetes mellitus. Indonesian Journal of Reproductive Health. 2023;9(1):33–41.
  18. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian Health Profile 2024. Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia; 2024.
  19. Putri AN, Handayani T, Mulyani R. The effect of participatory group training on improving the skills of pregnant women in pregnancy care. Indonesian Journal of Public Health Sciences. 2025;6(1):21–29.
  20. Becker MH. The Health Belief Model and Personal Health Behavior. New York: The Health Education Monographs; 2023.
  21. Rahmani Z, Kiani Z, Hosseini F. Effectiveness of structured maternal health education on pregnant women's knowledge and awareness: A quasi-experimental study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23:112–20.
  22. Lestari P, Yuliani S, Prawiro S. The impact of antenatal educational interventions on maternal knowledge: A systematic review. Midwifery. 2022;108:103280.
  23. Sari DM, Wulandari R. Natural knowledge improvement among pregnant women without formal intervention. Journal of Reproductive Health. 2023;14(1):45–52.
  24. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on maternal and perinatal health. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
  25. Martinez G, Lopez R. Maternal education and its influence on prenatal health behaviors: A cross-sectional analysis. Women Birth. 2023;36(2):e210–7.
  26. Hasanah N, Putri D, Lestari R. Effectiveness of hands-on maternal education on improving pregnant women's practical skills: A quasi-experimental study. Midwifery. 2023;120:103980.
  27. Pratiwi S, Nurjanah U. Skill improvement among pregnant women without structured training: A comparative study. Indonesian Midwifery Journal. 2022;10(3):188–96.
  28. Lee H, Park J. Impact of experiential learning on maternal self-efficacy and practical skills during pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial. Women Birth. 2023;36(1):e45–52.
  29. World Health Organization. WHO guideline on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Geneva: WHO; 2023.