The Use of N-Smsin (Nurse -Short Message Service Information) Telenursing Application Technology on Compliance With Treatment and Care of Tuberculosis Patients in Preventing Transmission and the Occurrence of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Indra Rahmad; Muhtar Muhtar; Maruni Wiwin Diarti; Julhana; Ahmad

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v13i10.mp01

Abstract

Tuberculosis is a chronic, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains a global health problem, including in Indonesia. Worldwide, TB is one of the 10 leading causes of death. Poor adherence to treatment is a major obstacle to efficient TB control. Innovative strategies are needed to improve access and adherence to treatment, one of which is the use of the Telenursing N-SMSIn (Nurse-Short Message Service Information) application. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Telenursing N-SMSIn (Nurse-Short Message Service Information) application on adherence to treatment and care for tuberculosis patients, preventing transmission and the occurrence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The research method used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group design. The sampling technique used accidental sampling, with a sample of 168 respondents with pulmonary TB in the Woha Community Health Center working area in 2025. The research instrument used the 8-item Morisky Medication Scale. The analysis used the Wilcoxon test and obtained a p-value of 0.001 < 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of the N-SMSIn telenursing application technology significantly impacts adherence to treatment and care in tuberculosis patients, preventing transmission and the occurrence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Woha Community Health Center Work Area, Bima Regency.

Keywords

N-SMSIn TelenursingAdherenceTuberculosis

References

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Andriani, D., & Sukardin S. Knowledge and Attitude of Families Regarding the Prevention of Tuberculosis (TB) Transmission in the Working Area of the Penana'e Community Health Center, Bima City. Indonesian Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2020;10(3):72–80.Google Scholar ↗
Bima City Health Office. Bima City Health Profile. Bima City: 2017.; 2016.Google Scholar ↗
Muhtar, M., & Aniharyati A. The effect of “TB Mataho” health cadres in improving self care capacity of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Indonesian Nursing Media. 2021;4(4):256.Google Scholar ↗
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Cynthia Devi Aristiana1 Magdalena Wartono2. Factors influencing the occurrence of Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). J Biomedicine and Health. 2018;1(1):65–74.Google Scholar ↗
Rahmat Hidayat Sikumbanga, Putri Chairani Eyanoerb NPS. FACTORS RELATED TO THE INCIDENCE OF PULMONARY TB IN PRODUCTIVE AGE IN THE WORKING AREA OF TEGAL SARI PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, MEDAN DENAI DISTRICT IN 2018. Ibnu Sina J Medicine and Health-Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of North Sumatra. 2022;21(1):32–43.Google Scholar ↗
Maelani T & Widya Hary Cahyati. Patient Characteristics, Drug Side Effects and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Dropouts. HIGEIA (Journal Public Heal Res Dev. 2019;3(4).Google Scholar ↗
Restiana Rusida E, Ramadhani S OAD. The Relationship Between Knowledge and Behavior of Using Supplements and Herbal Medicines in Preventing Covid-19 Transmission in South Banjarbaru. J Ilm Ibnu Sina Ilmu Pertanian dan Kesejahteraan. 6(2):292–301.Google Scholar ↗
Wiyati T, Nabilla AR. Characteristics Associated with Knowledge and Medication Adherence in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Raja Ahmad Tabib Tanjung Pinang Regional General Hospital. 2024;9(2):92–6.Google Scholar ↗
Ratnasari PMD, Dhrik M UN. Level of Treatment Compliance of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at the Outpatient Installation of Udayana Hospital Level II Denpasar. Pros Simp Nasional. 2023;3:13–20.Google Scholar ↗
Zaid, M., Nasution, A., Tanjung, D., & Author C. The Controversy of Smoking Law: The Perspective of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama. Ahlana J Law and Law Kel Islam. 2024;1(1).Google Scholar ↗
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Yen, Y.-F., Yen, M.-Y., Lin, Y.-S., Lin, Y.-P., Shih, H.-C., Li, L.-H., Chou, P., & Deng C.Y. Smoking Increases Risk of Recurrence After Successful Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment: A Population-Based Study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis [Internet]. 2014; Available from: https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.13.0694DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Yasni H, Rasima R, Usrina N, Raisah P. Risk Factors of Smoking on Tuberculosis Case Study in the Working Area of Ladang Tuha Community Health Center, South Aceh. Malahayati Nurs J. 2024;6(12):5170–8.Google Scholar ↗
Febriza A, Anugrah R, Tajuddin A. Association Between Smoking Behavior and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Incidence. Orig Artic Mega Buana J Med Sci [Internet]. 2025;1(1):1–8. Available from: https://e-jurnal.umegabuana.ac.id/index.php/MBJMSGoogle Scholar ↗
Lestari NPWA, Dedy MAE, Artawan IM FI. Differences in Age and Gender on the Completion of Pulmonary TB Treatment at Community Health Centers in Kupang City. Cendana Med J. 2022;23(1).Google Scholar ↗
Desanti, G., & Ariusni A. The Effect of Age, Gender, Working Hours, Employment Status, and Education on Labor Income in Padang City. J Kaji Ekon Dan Pembang [Internet]. 2021;3(4):17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v3i4.12377%0DDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
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Meldawaty, S, Rizki Sari Utami YW. Factors related to Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) in OAT Compliance in PatientsPulmonary Tuberculosis in the Working Area of the UPTD Health Center of Bintan Regency. Nurs Updat J Ilm Ilmu Keperawatan P-ISSN 2085-5931 eISSN 2623-2871 [Internet]. 2023; Available from: https://stikes-nhm.e-journal.id/NU/article/view/1063Google Scholar ↗
Alwi, NP, Fitri, A. and Ambarita R. The Relationship Between Motivation and Compliance in Taking Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) in Tuberculosis Patients. J Nursing Abdurrab. 2021;5(1):63–66.Google Scholar ↗
Fitriani, NE, Sinaga, T., & Syahran A. The Relationship Between Knowledge, Patient Motivation, and Family Support on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug (OAT) Adherence in Patients with Pulmonary TB with Positive BTA at the Pasundan Community Health Center, Samarinda City. KESMAS UWIGAMA J Kesehat Masy [Internet]. 2020;5(2):124–134. Available from: https://doi.org/10.24903/kujkm.v5i2.838DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Sari WA, Hartini S, Nisa N. The Effect of Leaflets and Whatsapp Reminders on Medication Compliance in Children with Tuberculosis. J Kesehat Tambusai. 2024;5(September):7558–65.Google Scholar ↗
Rusdiaman R, Rusli R, Yuniati Y. The Effect of Drug Information Services (PIO) with Pill Count Combination Leaflet Method in Increasing Medication Compliance in Tuberculosis Patients at Pattingalloang Community Health Center, Makassar City. J Media Anal Kesehat. 2024;15(1):86–95.Google Scholar ↗
Fang, XH, Guan, SY, Tang, L., Tao, FB, Zou, Z., Wang, JX, Kan, Effect of short message service on management of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Anhui Province, China: A prospective, randomized, controlled study. A Prospect randomized, Control study Med Sci Monit. 2017;23:2465–2469.Google Scholar ↗
Basri, AA, Khasanah, U., Anggraini, D., & Vitaliati T. Mobilephone Reminder Program to Improve Treatment Compliance of Pulmonary TB Patients. J Nursing [Internet]. 2023;15(1). Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v15i1.489.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Asim, M., & Suman R. Understanding the role of digital technologies in education : A review. Sustain Operating Comput. 2022;3(5):275–85.Google Scholar ↗
Edu Kasi, PH, Putu Ayu Sumertini, N., Arya Bagus Arisudhana, G., Wira Kusuma Putra P. The Effect of Short Message Service (SMS) Based Health Education on Self Care Management in Tuberculosis Patients in Klungkung Regency. J Nurs Res Publ Media. 2022;1(1):1–11.Google Scholar ↗
Aisyan, SDS, & Lazuardi L. Effectiveness of Short Message Service (SMS) Reminder on Compliance. J Inf Syst Public Heal. 2018;3(1):1–7.Google Scholar ↗
Gebremariam, KT, Zelenko, O., Mulugeta, ZA, & Gallegos D. Could mobile phone text messages beused for infant feeding education in Ethiopia ? A formative qualitative study. Health Informatics J. 2020;Google Scholar ↗
Barik, AL, Indarwati, R. & S. The Effectiveness Of Using Text Messages Reminder On Adherence With Tuberculosis Patients : A Systematic Review. Str J Health Science. 2020;9(2):751–760.Google Scholar ↗
Gashu, KD, Gelaye, KA, Lester, R., & Lester R. Combined effect of pill refilling and self-medication reminder system on patients' adherence to tuberculosis treatment during continuation phase in Northwest Ethiopia : a study protocol for randomized controlled trial. BMJ Heal Care Informatich. 2019;26(e100050:1–4.Google Scholar ↗
Anggana, R., & Ikasari FS. Development of N-SMSI (Ners - Short Message Service Intervention) telenursing in the care of post-treatment TB (Tuberculosis) patients in hospitals. Indonesian Journal of Nursing Science. 2019;3(1):10–22.Google Scholar ↗
Helena, M., Kovaleski, F., Picinin, CT, Pedroso, B., & Rubbo P. E-Health Practices and Technologies : A Systematic Review from 2014 to 2019. Healthcare. 2021;9(1192):1–32.Google Scholar ↗
Samal, L., Bierman, A.S., Fu, H.N., Wang, J., & Dorr D.A. Health information technology to improve care for people with multiple chronic conditions. Heal Serv Res [Internet]. 2021;56(1):1006–1036. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13860DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Herliani, YK, Shabrina, AP, Andrini, NP, Melawardani, AF, Rahmi, HA, & Maulana MR. The Effectiveness of Telenursing on Patient Quality of Life: A Literature Review. J Nurs Sci [Internet]. 2021;9(2). Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jik.2021.009.02.9 WebsiteDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Oladeji, IA, Ohaeri, BM, Ojo, IO, & Moduupeore BO. Relevance of Telenursing as A New Dimension in Nursing Practice. Int J Acad Res Business, Arts Sci. 2022;4(8):14–30.Google Scholar ↗
Sousa, VLP, Dourado Júnior, FW, Anjos, S. de JSB dos, Carvalho, REFL de, Oliveira, SKP, & Silva DC de A. Conceptual analysis of telenursing: an integrative review. Rev Rene. 2022;23:1–12.Google Scholar ↗
Fitriya, L., & Artanti KD. Original Research Treatment Outcomes of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in East Java From 2014 to 2017. J Nursing Science. 2020;8(2):141–148.Google Scholar ↗
Gashu, KD, Gelaye, KA, Mekonnen, ZA, Lester, R., & Tilahun B. Does telephone messaging improve tuberculosis treatment success? A systematic review and meta analysis. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020; Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4765-xDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Yani, DI, Juniarti, N., & Lukman M. Factors Relatedto Comply with Anti-TB Medications Among Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Indonesia. Dovepress. Open Access to Sci Med Res [Internet]. 2022;16(12):3319–3327. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S388989DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Rahman IA, Gunawan A, Sundewi A, Azi DP, Ningtias PR. Implementation of Telenursing N-SMSI (Ners-Short Message Service Intervention) on Post-Care Management of Tuberculosis Patients. J Nursing [Internet]. 2023;15(3):1381–90. Available from: https://journal2.stikeskendal.ac.id/index.php/keperawatan/article/view/489/507Google Scholar ↗
Dewi, PA, & Ayuningtyas D. Effectiveness of Text Message Reminder for Improving Compliance to Tuberculosis Drug Consumption: A Systematic Review. 6th Int Conf. 2019;Google Scholar ↗
Liu, X., Lewis, J.J., Zhang, H., Lu, W., Zhang, S., Zheng, G., Bai, L., Li, J., Li, Effectiveness of Electronic Reminders to Improve Medication Adherence in Tuberculosis Patients: A Cluster-Randomised Trial. PLoS Med. 2015;12(9):1–18.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-1] NTB Provincial Health Office. NTB Provincial Health Profile. West Nusa Tenggara: NTB Provincial Health Office; 2021. pp. 1–101.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-2] Andriani, D., & Sukardin S. Knowledge and Attitude of Families Regarding the Prevention of Tuberculosis (TB) Transmission in the Working Area of the Penana'e Community Health Center, Bima City. Indonesian Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2020;10(3):72–80.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Bima City Health Office. Bima City Health Profile. Bima City: 2017.; 2016.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Muhtar, M., & Aniharyati A. The effect of “TB Mataho” health cadres in improving self care capacity of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Indonesian Nursing Media. 2021;4(4):256.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Kumar, S. & Snooks H. Telenursing (Eds). New York : Springer; 2011.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Cynthia Devi Aristiana1 Magdalena Wartono2. Factors influencing the occurrence of Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). J Biomedicine and Health. 2018;1(1):65–74.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Rahmat Hidayat Sikumbanga, Putri Chairani Eyanoerb NPS. FACTORS RELATED TO THE INCIDENCE OF PULMONARY TB IN PRODUCTIVE AGE IN THE WORKING AREA OF TEGAL SARI PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, MEDAN DENAI DISTRICT IN 2018. Ibnu Sina J Medicine and Health-Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of North Sumatra. 2022;21(1):32–43.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Maelani T & Widya Hary Cahyati. Patient Characteristics, Drug Side Effects and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Dropouts. HIGEIA (Journal Public Heal Res Dev. 2019;3(4).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Restiana Rusida E, Ramadhani S OAD. The Relationship Between Knowledge and Behavior of Using Supplements and Herbal Medicines in Preventing Covid-19 Transmission in South Banjarbaru. J Ilm Ibnu Sina Ilmu Pertanian dan Kesejahteraan. 6(2):292–301.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Wiyati T, Nabilla AR. Characteristics Associated with Knowledge and Medication Adherence in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Raja Ahmad Tabib Tanjung Pinang Regional General Hospital. 2024;9(2):92–6.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Ratnasari PMD, Dhrik M UN. Level of Treatment Compliance of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at the Outpatient Installation of Udayana Hospital Level II Denpasar. Pros Simp Nasional. 2023;3:13–20.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Zaid, M., Nasution, A., Tanjung, D., & Author C. The Controversy of Smoking Law: The Perspective of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama. Ahlana J Law and Law Kel Islam. 2024;1(1).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Dr. Agi Hidjri Tarigan, M.Ked (Pulmonary) S. PPTI (Tuberculosis Eradication Association)Indonesia. CIGARETTES AND TB: TWO SERIOUS THREATS FOR GENERAL Z. Available from: https://ppti.id/rokok-dan-tbc-dua-ancaman-serius-bagi-gen-z/Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Dr. Reviono, dr. S. Aisyiyah Hospital, Boyolali. 2025. The Relationship Between Tuberculosis and Smoking. Available from: https://rspkuboyolali.co.id/3058/Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Feldman, C., Theron, AJ, Cholo, MC, & Anderson R. Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor for Tuberculosis in Adults: Epidemiology and Aspects of Disease Pathogenesis. Pathog 2024 [Internet]. 2024;13(2):151. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/PATHOGENS13020151DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Yen, Y.-F., Yen, M.-Y., Lin, Y.-S., Lin, Y.-P., Shih, H.-C., Li, L.-H., Chou, P., & Deng C.Y. Smoking Increases Risk of Recurrence After Successful Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment: A Population-Based Study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis [Internet]. 2014; Available from: https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.13.0694DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Yasni H, Rasima R, Usrina N, Raisah P. Risk Factors of Smoking on Tuberculosis Case Study in the Working Area of Ladang Tuha Community Health Center, South Aceh. Malahayati Nurs J. 2024;6(12):5170–8.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Febriza A, Anugrah R, Tajuddin A. Association Between Smoking Behavior and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Incidence. Orig Artic Mega Buana J Med Sci [Internet]. 2025;1(1):1–8. Available from: https://e-jurnal.umegabuana.ac.id/index.php/MBJMSGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-19] Lestari NPWA, Dedy MAE, Artawan IM FI. Differences in Age and Gender on the Completion of Pulmonary TB Treatment at Community Health Centers in Kupang City. Cendana Med J. 2022;23(1).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-20] Desanti, G., & Ariusni A. The Effect of Age, Gender, Working Hours, Employment Status, and Education on Labor Income in Padang City. J Kaji Ekon Dan Pembang [Internet]. 2021;3(4):17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v3i4.12377%0DDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] Sibua, S., & Watung GI V. The Relationship Between Family Support and Treatment Compliance of Tuberculosis Patients in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. Aksara J Ilmu Pendidik Nonform [Internet]. 2021;7(3):1443–1450. Available from: https://doi.org/10.37905/Aksara.7.3.1427-1434.2021DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Sara, MS, & Suprayitno E. The Relationship Between Family Support and Medication Compliance in Pulmonary TB Patients at Umbulharjo Community Health Center, Yogyakarta. Unisa Yogyakarta [Internet]. 2019;1(1):1–10. Available from: http://digilib.unisayogya.ac.id/3968/1/Naskah Publikasi.PdfGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-23] Meldawaty, S, Rizki Sari Utami YW. Factors related to Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) in OAT Compliance in PatientsPulmonary Tuberculosis in the Working Area of the UPTD Health Center of Bintan Regency. Nurs Updat J Ilm Ilmu Keperawatan P-ISSN 2085-5931 eISSN 2623-2871 [Internet]. 2023; Available from: https://stikes-nhm.e-journal.id/NU/article/view/1063Google Scholar ↗

[refR-24] Alwi, NP, Fitri, A. and Ambarita R. The Relationship Between Motivation and Compliance in Taking Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) in Tuberculosis Patients. J Nursing Abdurrab. 2021;5(1):63–66.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-25] Fitriani, NE, Sinaga, T., & Syahran A. The Relationship Between Knowledge, Patient Motivation, and Family Support on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug (OAT) Adherence in Patients with Pulmonary TB with Positive BTA at the Pasundan Community Health Center, Samarinda City. KESMAS UWIGAMA J Kesehat Masy [Internet]. 2020;5(2):124–134. Available from: https://doi.org/10.24903/kujkm.v5i2.838DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-26] Sari WA, Hartini S, Nisa N. The Effect of Leaflets and Whatsapp Reminders on Medication Compliance in Children with Tuberculosis. J Kesehat Tambusai. 2024;5(September):7558–65.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-27] Rusdiaman R, Rusli R, Yuniati Y. The Effect of Drug Information Services (PIO) with Pill Count Combination Leaflet Method in Increasing Medication Compliance in Tuberculosis Patients at Pattingalloang Community Health Center, Makassar City. J Media Anal Kesehat. 2024;15(1):86–95.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-28] Fang, XH, Guan, SY, Tang, L., Tao, FB, Zou, Z., Wang, JX, Kan, Effect of short message service on management of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Anhui Province, China: A prospective, randomized, controlled study. A Prospect randomized, Control study Med Sci Monit. 2017;23:2465–2469.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-29] Basri, AA, Khasanah, U., Anggraini, D., & Vitaliati T. Mobilephone Reminder Program to Improve Treatment Compliance of Pulmonary TB Patients. J Nursing [Internet]. 2023;15(1). Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v15i1.489.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-30] Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Asim, M., & Suman R. Understanding the role of digital technologies in education : A review. Sustain Operating Comput. 2022;3(5):275–85.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-31] Edu Kasi, PH, Putu Ayu Sumertini, N., Arya Bagus Arisudhana, G., Wira Kusuma Putra P. The Effect of Short Message Service (SMS) Based Health Education on Self Care Management in Tuberculosis Patients in Klungkung Regency. J Nurs Res Publ Media. 2022;1(1):1–11.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-32] Aisyan, SDS, & Lazuardi L. Effectiveness of Short Message Service (SMS) Reminder on Compliance. J Inf Syst Public Heal. 2018;3(1):1–7.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-33] Gebremariam, KT, Zelenko, O., Mulugeta, ZA, & Gallegos D. Could mobile phone text messages beused for infant feeding education in Ethiopia ? A formative qualitative study. Health Informatics J. 2020;Google Scholar ↗

[refR-34] Barik, AL, Indarwati, R. & S. The Effectiveness Of Using Text Messages Reminder On Adherence With Tuberculosis Patients : A Systematic Review. Str J Health Science. 2020;9(2):751–760.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-35] Gashu, KD, Gelaye, KA, Lester, R., & Lester R. Combined effect of pill refilling and self-medication reminder system on patients' adherence to tuberculosis treatment during continuation phase in Northwest Ethiopia : a study protocol for randomized controlled trial. BMJ Heal Care Informatich. 2019;26(e100050:1–4.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-36] Anggana, R., & Ikasari FS. Development of N-SMSI (Ners - Short Message Service Intervention) telenursing in the care of post-treatment TB (Tuberculosis) patients in hospitals. Indonesian Journal of Nursing Science. 2019;3(1):10–22.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-37] Helena, M., Kovaleski, F., Picinin, CT, Pedroso, B., & Rubbo P. E-Health Practices and Technologies : A Systematic Review from 2014 to 2019. Healthcare. 2021;9(1192):1–32.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-38] Samal, L., Bierman, A.S., Fu, H.N., Wang, J., & Dorr D.A. Health information technology to improve care for people with multiple chronic conditions. Heal Serv Res [Internet]. 2021;56(1):1006–1036. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13860DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-39] Herliani, YK, Shabrina, AP, Andrini, NP, Melawardani, AF, Rahmi, HA, & Maulana MR. The Effectiveness of Telenursing on Patient Quality of Life: A Literature Review. J Nurs Sci [Internet]. 2021;9(2). Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jik.2021.009.02.9 WebsiteDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-40] Oladeji, IA, Ohaeri, BM, Ojo, IO, & Moduupeore BO. Relevance of Telenursing as A New Dimension in Nursing Practice. Int J Acad Res Business, Arts Sci. 2022;4(8):14–30.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-41] Sousa, VLP, Dourado Júnior, FW, Anjos, S. de JSB dos, Carvalho, REFL de, Oliveira, SKP, & Silva DC de A. Conceptual analysis of telenursing: an integrative review. Rev Rene. 2022;23:1–12.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-42] Fitriya, L., & Artanti KD. Original Research Treatment Outcomes of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in East Java From 2014 to 2017. J Nursing Science. 2020;8(2):141–148.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-43] Gashu, KD, Gelaye, KA, Mekonnen, ZA, Lester, R., & Tilahun B. Does telephone messaging improve tuberculosis treatment success? A systematic review and meta analysis. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020; Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4765-xDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-44] Yani, DI, Juniarti, N., & Lukman M. Factors Relatedto Comply with Anti-TB Medications Among Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Indonesia. Dovepress. Open Access to Sci Med Res [Internet]. 2022;16(12):3319–3327. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S388989DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-45] Rahman IA, Gunawan A, Sundewi A, Azi DP, Ningtias PR. Implementation of Telenursing N-SMSI (Ners-Short Message Service Intervention) on Post-Care Management of Tuberculosis Patients. J Nursing [Internet]. 2023;15(3):1381–90. Available from: https://journal2.stikeskendal.ac.id/index.php/keperawatan/article/view/489/507Google Scholar ↗

[refR-46] Dewi, PA, & Ayuningtyas D. Effectiveness of Text Message Reminder for Improving Compliance to Tuberculosis Drug Consumption: A Systematic Review. 6th Int Conf. 2019;Google Scholar ↗

[refR-47] Liu, X., Lewis, J.J., Zhang, H., Lu, W., Zhang, S., Zheng, G., Bai, L., Li, J., Li, Effectiveness of Electronic Reminders to Improve Medication Adherence in Tuberculosis Patients: A Cluster-Randomised Trial. PLoS Med. 2015;12(9):1–18.Google Scholar ↗